Omnia SanaPlant Comparison
Water Hyssop vs Selfheal
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
First plant
Second plant
Show:
At a glance
Water Hyssop and Selfheal: they share 5 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cognitive function, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.
Water HyssopSelfheal
Constituents22
Pharmacological actions510
Indicated uses712
Safety notes22
Cited sources2037
Indicated uses
Only Water Hyssop
Insomnia / sleeplessnessMemory
Shared (5)
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Cognitive functionInflammation (general)Skin irritation
Only Selfheal
BruisingCold & fluImmune supportInfection (general)WoundsBlood sugar / diabetes supportCardiovascular / heart health
Pharmacological actions
Only Water Hyssop
Sedative / sleep support
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantNeuroprotective / cognition support
Only Selfheal
AntimicrobialAntiviralImmunomodulator / immune supportVulnerary (wound healing)Hepatoprotective (liver support)Antidiabetic (blood-sugar lowering)
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Water Hyssop | Selfheal | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Selfheal |
| Cognitive function | 6/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Water Hyssop |
| Inflammation (general) | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids), the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid, coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, esculetin) and the flavonoid luteolin are the main bioactives behind self-heal's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
Rosmarinic acidPhenolic acidsCoumarinsFlavonoidsLuteolin
Water-extracted polysaccharides — including a partially sulphated arabinogalactomannan (PSP-2B) and polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates (PVG/PVE30) — are the principal antiviral and immunomodulatory constituents, blocking herpes simplex virus attachment and modulating innate immune signalling.
PolysaccharidesPhenolic compounds
Pharmacological Actions
Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) extract and its saponins (bacopaside II, bacopasaponins) inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon and lung cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
Arthritis / joint pain[13]Traditional · 1/10
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bacopaside II from Bacopa monnieri inhibits colon cancer cell growth via cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis (aquaporin-1 blockade), and its bacopasaponins are cytotoxic to lung (PC9) and colon (SW620) cancer cells (preclinical).
Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
inferred from neuroprotective action
Evidence: 6
Label: Cognitive function
Inflammation (general)[13]Traditional · 1/10
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[13]Traditional · 1/10
inferred from sedative action
Evidence: 1
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Skin irritation[13]Traditional · 1/10
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
inferred from antiviral action
Evidence: 2
Label: Cold & flu
inferred from antimicrobial action
Evidence: 2
Label: Infection (general)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
inferred from antimicrobial action
Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
inferred from anticancer action
Evidence: 7
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Evidence: 2
Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support
Evidence: 2
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Generally well tolerated at standard doses. The most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal — nausea, stomach cramps, and increased bowel movements — which can be reduced by taking with food. Not recommended during pregnancy. May interact with medications that increase acetylcholine levels (e.g. Alzheimer's medications). Use with caution in thyroid conditions, as bacopa may increase thyroid hormone levels.
Generally very safe and well tolerated. No significant known toxicity or drug interactions. Safe for topical and internal use in normal medicinal doses. Suitable for most adults including children in appropriate doses.
Duke (2002) rates self-heal as +++ and notes antioxidant (score 2), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and COX-2 inhibitory activities. The plant contains luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside — all with well-documented bioactivities. Hepatoprotective activity has been experimentally demonstrated. Duke notes that self-heal has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and an impressive antioxidant profile, supporting its traditional reputation as a versatile wound-healing herb. No significant safety concerns at normal herbal doses (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Gbif: 3171169
Wikidata: Q1366575
Gbif: 5341297
Wikidata: Q158469
Botanical Description
Low, creeping, succulent perennial herb that roots at the nodes as it spreads across wet ground. The leaves are small, fleshy, spatula-shaped and arranged oppositely along the trailing stems. Small, pale lavender to white, four- to five-petalled flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils.[4]
Height: 5-15 cm (trailing/creeping)
Habit: Low, creeping, succulent perennial herb
Leaves: Small, fleshy, spatula-shaped, opposite
Flowers: Small, pale lavender to white, four- to five-petalled, borne singly in leaf axils
Stem: Trailing, succulent, rooting at the nodes
Root: Fine roots at each node along the creeping stem
Fruit: Small ovoid capsule
Flowering Period: Year-round in warm, wet climates
Low, creeping to semi-erect perennial herb (Lamiaceae), 5-30 cm tall, with square, often purplish stems. Leaves are opposite, ovate with slightly toothed margins. Small, two-lipped, violet-purple flowers are densely packed into a compact, club-shaped terminal spike subtended by purplish bracts.[1]
Height: 5-30 cm
Habit: Low, creeping to semi-erect perennial herb
Leaves: Opposite, ovate, slightly toothed
Flowers: Small, two-lipped, violet-purple, in a compact club-shaped terminal spike
Stem: Square, often purplish
Root: Fibrous, spreading perennial rootstock
Fruit: Four small nutlets (typical Lamiaceae schizocarp)
Flowering Period: June-September
Habitat
Grows in wet, marshy ground, muddy shorelines, rice paddies and shallow water throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and also found in parts of Africa, Australia and the Americas.[4]
Native throughout Europe, Asia and North America (circumboreal), extremely common in lawns, meadows, woodland clearings, roadsides and waste ground, tolerating mowing and a wide range of soils.[1]
Harvesting
The whole plant (leaf and trailing stem) is harvested during active growth, typically cut a few centimetres above the mud or water line, and dried or used fresh.
Parts: Leaf, Whole Plant
Season: During active growth (warm season)
Whole flowering aerial parts (flower, leaf and stem) are cut during flowering (summer) and dried.[1]
Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem
Season: Summer, during flowering
Traditional Uses
Bacopa (brahmi) is a classic Ayurvedic 'medhya rasayana' (brain-nourishing) herb, traditionally used to support memory, learning and mental clarity, and as a calming nervine for anxiety and disturbed sleep. This traditional cognitive reputation is now supported by randomised controlled trials of standardised extracts.[1, 4]
Selfheal has an extremely broad folk-medicine reputation across European, North American and Traditional Chinese Medicine traditions - as its name suggests, used as an all-purpose wound herb, gargle for sore throat, and internal remedy for fevers and inflammation. Modern research on its triterpenoid, phenolic and polysaccharide constituents supports wide-ranging antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral activity.[1]
Preparations
Dosage
Infusion (tea)[1]
Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried herb per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or an equivalent tincture; used topically as a wash or gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
REF-0740, REF-0741, REF-0742, REF-2107, REF-2108, REF-2109, REF-2110, REF-2111, REF-2112, REF-2113, REF-2114, REF-2115
REF-0659, REF-2422, REF-2423, REF-2424, REF-2425, REF-2878, REF-2879, REF-2880, REF-2881, REF-2882, REF-2883, REF-2884, REF-2885, REF-2886, REF-2887, REF-2888, REF-2911, REF-2912, REF-2913, REF-2914, REF-2915, REF-2916, REF-2917, REF-2918, REF-2919, REF-2920, REF-2921, REF-2922
Drug Class Interactions
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Bacopa (brahmi) is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
References & Sources
- Calabrese, C., Gregory, W.L., Leo, M., Kraemer, D. et al (2008) 'Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(6), pp. 707-713. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0018 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0018 - Lorca, C., Mulet, M., Arévalo-Caro, C., Sanchez, M.Á. et al (2022) 'Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(22), pp. 5521-5545. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137 - Fatima, U., Roy, S., Ahmad, S., Ali, S. et al (2022) 'Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 972379. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.972379 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.972379 - Kongkeaw, C., Dilokthornsakul, P., Thanarangsarit, P., Limpeanchob, N. and Norman Scholfield, C (2014) 'Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), pp. 528-535. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008 - Vinod, A., Sathianarayanan, S., Babu, A.E., Sadanandan, P., Venu, A.K. and Venkidasamy, B (2022) 'Bacopa monnieri for disorders affecting brain: current perspectives', Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(23), pp. 1909-1929. doi:10.2174/1568026622666220119111538 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026622666220119111538 - Dubey, T., Kushwaha, P., Thulasiram, H.V., Chandrashekar, M. and Chinnathambi, S (2023) 'Bacopa monnieri reduces Tau aggregation and Tau-mediated toxicity in cells', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 234, pp. 123171. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123171 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123171 - Shalini, V.T., Neelakanta, S.J. and Sriranjini, J.S (2021) 'Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri - a review of experimental evidence', Molecular Biology Reports, 48(3), pp. 2653-2668. doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06236-w Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06236-w - Simpson, T., Pase, M. and Stough, C (2015) 'Bacopa monnieri as an antioxidant therapy to reduce oxidative stress in the aging brain', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, pp. 615384. doi:10.1155/2015/615384 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/615384 - Saini, N., Singh, D. and Sandhir, R (2019) 'Bacopa monnieri prevents colchicine-induced dementia by anti-inflammatory action', Metabolic Brain Disease, 34(2), pp. 505-518. doi:10.1007/s11011-018-0332-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-018-0332-1 - Dubey, T. and Chinnathambi, S (2019) 'Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): an ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer's disease', Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 676, pp. 108153. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153 - Bhandari, P., Kumar, N., Singh, B. and Kaul, V.K (2007) 'Cucurbitacins from Bacopa monnieri', Phytochemistry, 68(9), pp. 1248-1254. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.013 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.013 - Sivaramakrishna, C., Rao, C.V., Trimurtulu, G., Vanisree, M. and Subbaraju, G.V (2005) 'Triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri', Phytochemistry, 66(23), pp. 2719-2728. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.016 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.016 - World Health Organization (2002) 'WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20Monographs%20on%20Selected%20Medicinal%20Plants - Smith, E. and Palethorpe, H.M. and Tomita, Y. and Pei, J.V. and Townsend, A.R. and Price, T.J. and Young, J.P. and Yool, A.J. and Hardingham, J.E (2018) 'The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis', Cells, 7(7), pp. 81. doi:10.3390/cells7070081 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7070081 - Yen, D.T.H. and Cuc, N.T. and Tai, B.H. and Van Kiem, P. and Hoang Duc, M. and Nhiem, N.X. and Cho, S.-H. and Jeong, S.B. and Seo, Y. and Park, S (2022) 'Two new triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri and their cytotoxic activity', Natural Product Research, 38(7), pp. 1120-1126. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2132498 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2132498 - Calabrese, C., Gregory, W.L., Leo, M., Kraemer, D., Bone, K. and Oken, B (2008) 'Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly', 14(6), pp. 707--713. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effects%20of%20a%20standardized%20Bacopa%20monnieri%20extract%20on%20cognitive%20performance%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20depression%20in%20the%20elderly - Stough, C., Lloyd, J., Clarke, J., Downey, L.A., Hutchison, C.W., Rodgers, T. and Nathan, P.J (2001) 'The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects', 156(4), pp. 481--484. doi:10.1007/s002130100815 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100815 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201 - Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003
- Mir, R.H., Bhat, M.F., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N.I., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R. and Masoodi, M.H (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L.: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional Uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review', Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 19(1). doi:10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 - Pan, J. and Wang, H. and Chen, Y (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, pp. 903171. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 - Wang, S.J. and Wang, X.H. and Dai, Y.Y. and Ma, M.H. and Rahman, K. and Nian, H. and Zhang, H (2019) 'Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications', Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(3), pp. 359-369. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 - Zhu, M.J. and Song, Y.J. and Rao, P.L. and Gu, W.Y. and Xu, Y. and Xu, H.X (2025) 'Therapeutic role of Prunella vulgaris L. polysaccharides in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and gut dysbiosis', Journal of Integrative Medicine, 23(3), pp. 297-308. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 - Zhang, Y. and Qu, X. and Xu, N. and He, H. and Li, Q. and Wei, X. and Chen, Y. and Xu, Y. and Li, X. and Zhang, R. and Zhong, R. and Liu, C. and Xiang, P. and Zhu, F (2024) 'Mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. and luteolin in restoring Tfh/Tfr balance and alleviating oxidative stress in Graves' disease', Phytomedicine, 132, pp. 155818. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 - Zhang, S. and Wang, Y. and Wang, M. and Jiang, L. and Ma, X. and Huang, Y. and Liu, T. and Zheng, L. and Li, Y (2024) 'Construction and anti-pancreatic cancer activity of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide', Int J Biol Macromol, 278(Pt 3), pp. 134924. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 - Ning, N. and Nan, Y. and Chen, G. and Huang, S. and Lu, D. and Yang, Y. and Meng, F. and Yuan, L (2024) 'Anti-Tumor Effects and Toxicity Reduction Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review', Molecules, 29(8). doi:10.3390/molecules29081843 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081843 - Han, Q. and Xu, N. and Chen, B. and Wu, W. and Sheng, L (2021) 'Safety and efficacy of Prunella vulgaris preparation in adjuvant treatment of thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis', Medicine (Baltimore), 100(41), pp. e27490. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 - Li, P. and Lv, X. and Wang, J. and Zhang, C. and Zhao, J. and Yang, Y (2023) 'Research on the anti-ageing mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L', Sci Rep, 13(1), pp. 12398. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 - Zhang, Q. and Chen, X. and Palen, K. and Johnson, B. and Bui, D. and Xiong, D. and Pan, J. and Hu, M. and Wang, Y. and You, M (2023) 'Cancer chemoprevention with PV-1, a novel Prunella vulgaris-containing herbal mixture that remodels the tumor immune microenvironment in mice', Front Immunol, 14, pp. 1196434. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196434 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196434 - Ma, F. and Deng, Q. and Lou, H. and Li, J. and Xu, S. and Wu, W. and Wen, Q. and Tang, L. and Wang, X. and Pan, W (2022) 'Vulgarisin-type diterpenoids from self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) and their neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via a mitochondria-related pathway', Food Funct, 13(13), pp. 7062-7074. doi:10.1039/d2fo00150k Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo00150k - Xie, J. and Xiong, S. and Yu, J. and Ma, X. and Xiang, F. and Chen, Y. and Xia, B. and Li, Y. and Zhang, Z. and Liao, D. and Lin, L (2025) 'Prunella vulgaris polyphenols alleviate liver injury-uveitis comorbidity by regulating acylcarnitine via the S100A9-PP2A-AMPK pathway', Phytomedicine, 141, pp. 156675. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156675 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156675 - Li, Y. and Luo, H. and Lin, X. and Hua, L. and Wang, J. and Xie, J. and Zhang, Z. and Shi, Z. and Li, M. and Peng, Q. and Lin, L. and Liao, D. and Xia, B (2025) 'Triterpenes of Prunella vulgaris Inhibit Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating PTP1B/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and IL-24/CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathways', Int J Mol Sci, 26(5). doi:10.3390/ijms26051959 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051959 - Zeng, S. and Liu, B. and Ge, R. and Yuan, Z. and Yang, Y. and Zhu, W. and Wang, Z (2025) 'An integrative analysis reveals mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris in thyroid cancer metastasis', Phytomedicine, 145, pp. 157051. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157051 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157051 - Zhu, Q. and Muyayalo, K.P. and Xu, Q.H. and Wang, J. and Wang, H. and Liao, A.H (2021) 'Prunella vulgaris can improve the pregnancy outcomes of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats by inhibiting Th1/Th17 immune responses', J Reprod Immunol, 149, pp. 103469. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2021.103469 - Lin, J. and Zhou, J. and Ye, K. and Xie, F (2025) 'Prunella vulgaris: A potential molecule for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma', Medicine (Baltimore), 104(17), pp. e42267. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000042267 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000042267 - Li, L. and Lin, L. and Deng, J. and Lin, X. and Li, Y. and Xia, B (2021) 'The therapeutic effects of Prunella vulgaris against fluoride‐induced oxidative damage by using the metabolomics method', Environmental Toxicology, 36(9), pp. 1802-1816. doi:10.1002/tox.23301 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23301 - Wei, J. and Leng, L. and Sui, Y. and Song, S. and Owusu, F.B. and Li, X. and Cao, Y. and Li, P. and Wang, H. and Li, R. and Yang, W. and Gao, X. and Wang, Q (2023) 'Phenolic acids from Prunella vulgaris alleviate cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction partially by suppressing NLRP3 activation', Phytotherapy Research, 38(1), pp. 384-399. doi:10.1002/ptr.8024 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8024 - Jiao, X. and Liu, H. and Lu, Q. and Wang, Y. and Zhao, Y. and Liu, X. and Liu, F. and Zuo, Y. and Wang, W. and Li, Y (2021) 'Study on the Mechanism of Prunella Vulgaris L on Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Hypertension Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses', Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021, pp. 1-14. doi:10.1155/2021/9949302 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9949302 - Namgung, S. and Yoon, J.J. and Yoon, C. and Han, B.H. and Choi, E.S. and Oh, H. and Kim, Y. and Lee, Y.J. and Kang, D.G. and Lee, H.S (2017) 'Prunella vulgarisAttenuates Diabetic Renal Injury by Suppressing Glomerular Fibrosis and Inflammation', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 45(03), pp. 475-495. doi:10.1142/s0192415x1750029x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1750029x - Lim, G. and Sung, J.Y. and Yu, S. and Kim, Y. and Kim, Y. and Shim, J. and Kim, H.J. and Cho, M.L. and Lee, J. and Kim, Y. and Kim, Y (2020) 'Pygenic Acid A (PA) Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis In Vivo', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(22), pp. 8444-8444. doi:10.3390/ijms21228444 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228444 - Lin, Y. and Yang, C. and Tang, J. and Li, Q. and Zhang, Z. and Xia, B. and Li, Y. and He, Q. and Lin, L. and Liao, D (2020) 'Characterization and anti-uterine tumor effect of extract from Prunella vulgaris L', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), pp. 189-189. doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02986-5 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02986-5 - Chen, Y. and Jiang, B. and Qu, C. and Jiang, C. and Zhang, C. and Wang, Y. and Chen, F. and Sun, X. and Su, L. and Luo, Y (2024) 'Bioactive components in prunella vulgaris for treating Hashimoto's disease via regulation of innate immune response in human thyrocytes', Heliyon, 10(16), pp. e36103-e36103. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36103 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36103 - Raafat, K. and Wurglics, M. and Schubert‐Zsilavecz, M (2016) 'Prunella vulgaris L. active components and their hypoglycemic and antinociceptive effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, pp. 1008-1018. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.095 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.095 - Qu, Z. and Zhang, J. and Yang, H. and Gao, J. and Chen, H. and Liu, C. and Gao, W (2016) 'Prunella vulgaris L., an Edible and Medicinal Plant, Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(2), pp. 291-300. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 - Guo, Q. and Qu, H. and Zhang, H. and Zhong, X (2021) 'Prunella vulgaris L. Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR9 Signaling', Drug Design Development and Therapy, Volume 15, pp. 4559-4574. doi:10.2147/dddt.s325814 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s325814 - Akkol, E.K. and Renda, G. and İlhan, M. and Bektaş, N.Y (2022) 'Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, pp. 115411-115411. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 - Yu, F. and Zhang, L. and Ma, R. and Liu, C. and Wang, Q. and Yin, D (2021) 'The Antitumour Effect of Prunella vulgaris Extract on Thyroid Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, pp. 1-12. doi:10.1155/2021/8869323 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869323 - Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Luo, X., Wu, R., Xi, Z., Li, Y. and Xu, H (2024) 'Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide inhibits herpes simplex virus infection by blocking TLR-mediated NF-kB activation', Chinese Medicine, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y - Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Zhong, X., Fu, W., Luo, X., Feng, J., Yuan, M., Xiao, L. and Xu, H (2021) 'Polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates from Spica of Prunella vulgaris: Chemical profile and anti-herpes simplex virus activities', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.200 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.200 - Ma, F.W., Kong, S.Y., Tan, H.S., Wu, R., Xia, B., Zhou, Y. and Xu, H.X (2016) 'Structural characterization and antiviral effect of a novel polysaccharide PSP-2B from Prunellae Spica', Carbohydrate Polymers, pp. 699--709. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.062 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.062 - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Psotova, J. et al (2003) 'Biological activities of Prunella vulgaris extract', 17(9), pp. 1082--1087. doi:10.1002/ptr.1324 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1324 - Yang, Y.Q. et al (2007) 'Antiviral activity of aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris L', 73(3), pp. 157--162. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antiviral%20activity%20of%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Prunella%20vulgaris%20L - Haarberg, K.M.K., Wymore Brand, M.J., Overstreet, A.M.C., Hauck, C.C., Murphy, P.A., Hostetter, J.M., Ramer-Tait, A.E. and Wannemuehler, M.J (2015) 'Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a(-/-) mice', World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6(4), pp. 223--237. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223 - Zhang, Y.B., Xu, L., Yuan, M., Liu, M.F., Li, Y., Zhong, X.L., Lin, Z.X., Xian, Y.F., Lu, P., Xi, Z.C. and Xu, H.X (2025) 'Protective effects of Prunella vulgaris polysaccharides against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection through the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway', Journal of Integrative Medicine, 24(3), pp. 454--465. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.12.008 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2025.12.008 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.