Plant Comparison

Water Hyssop vs Holy Basil

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AWater HyssopBacopa monnieriPlantaginaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BHoly BasilOcimum tenuiflorumLamiaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Water Hyssop and Holy Basil: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cognitive function, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Water HyssopHoly Basil

Constituents22

Pharmacological actions56

Indicated uses712

Safety notes22

Cited sources2016

Indicated uses

Only Water Hyssop

Insomnia / sleeplessness

Shared (6)

Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Cognitive functionInflammation (general)MemorySkin irritation

Only Holy Basil

AnxietyBlood sugar / diabetes supportCold & fluFatigue / low energyImmune supportStress

Pharmacological actions

Only Water Hyssop

Sedative / sleep support

Shared (4)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantNeuroprotective / cognition support

Only Holy Basil

AdaptogenImmunomodulator / immune support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Water Hyssop	Holy Basil	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)	2/10	8/10	Stronger for Holy Basil
Cognitive function	6/10	5/10	Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Memory	6/10	5/10	Comparable evidence
Skin irritation	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Triterpenoid saponins (bacosides A and B)^{[1, 4]}

Principal bioactive saponins linked to the plant's neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing effects.

SaponinsTriterpene saponins

Flavonoids and alkaloids^[6]

Additional antioxidant and neuroactive constituents.

FlavonoidsAlkaloids

Volatile oil rich in eugenol^[11]

The principal aromatic constituent, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.

Essential (volatile) oilEugenol

Ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin and luteolin^[11]

Antioxidant and adaptogenic constituents.

Rosmarinic acidApigeninLuteolin

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[9, 13]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[3, 14, 15]}

Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) extract and its saponins (bacopaside II, bacopasaponins) inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon and lung cancer cells (preclinical).

Antioxidant^{[6, 8, 9, 13]}

Neuroprotective / cognition support^{[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 17]}

Sedative / sleep support^{[1, 13]}

Adaptogen^{[1, 3, 12]}

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Anti-inflammatory^{[3, 5, 11]}

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[2, 4, 10, 11]}

Antioxidant^{[3, 4, 5, 8, 11]}

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[3, 5, 9, 11, 12]}

Immunomodulatory / immune support

Neuroprotective / cognition support^[14]

Cognitive support - a placebo-controlled study in healthy adults found improved reaction time and accuracy and shorter P300 latency

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^[13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[3, 14, 15]}Traditional · 2/10

Bacopaside II from Bacopa monnieri inhibits colon cancer cell growth via cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis (aquaporin-1 blockade), and its bacopasaponins are cytotoxic to lung (PC9) and colon (SW620) cancer cells (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cognitive function^{[13, 16, 17]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 6

Label: Cognitive function

Inflammation (general)^[13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Insomnia / sleeplessness^[13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 1

Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness

Memory^{[13, 16, 17]}Moderate · 6/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 6

Label: Memory

Skin irritation^[13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Anxiety^{[1, 12]}Good · 8/10

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Evidence: 8

Label: Anxiety

Arthritis / joint pain^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[4, 12]}Good · 7/10

Supports blood-sugar control (lowers fasting and post-meal glucose)

Evidence: 7

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[2, 4, 10, 11]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 8

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cognitive function^[14]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cognitive function

Cold & flu^{[11, 12]}Good · 7/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 7

Label: Cold & flu

Fatigue / low energy^[12]Good · 7/10

inferred from adaptogen action

Evidence: 7

Label: Fatigue / low energy

Immune support^{[11, 12]}Good · 7/10

Immunomodulatory / immune support

Evidence: 7

Label: Immune support

Inflammation (general)^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Memory^[14]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Memory

Skin irritation^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Stress^{[1, 12]}Good · 8/10

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Evidence: 8

Label: Stress

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[13, 16, 17]}Caution

Generally well tolerated at standard doses. The most commonly reported side effects are gastrointestinal — nausea, stomach cramps, and increased bowel movements — which can be reduced by taking with food. Not recommended during pregnancy. May interact with medications that increase acetylcholine levels (e.g. Alzheimer's medications). Use with caution in thyroid conditions, as bacopa may increase thyroid hormone levels.

Safety note^{[13, 16, 17, 18]}Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop/brahmi) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

Safety note^[12]Caution

Generally well tolerated; mild nausea has been reported. Its blood-sugar-lowering effect means caution alongside antidiabetic medicines.

Safety note^{[11, 12]}Caution

Animal studies suggest mild anti-fertility and antiplatelet effects, so avoid medicinal doses when pregnant or trying to conceive, and before surgery.

External Ids

Gbif: 3171169

Wikidata: Q1366575

Gbif: 2927100

Wikidata: Q960124

Botanical Description

Low, creeping, succulent perennial herb that roots at the nodes as it spreads across wet ground. The leaves are small, fleshy, spatula-shaped and arranged oppositely along the trailing stems. Small, pale lavender to white, four- to five-petalled flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils.^[4]

Height: 5-15 cm (trailing/creeping)

Habit: Low, creeping, succulent perennial herb

Leaves: Small, fleshy, spatula-shaped, opposite

Flowers: Small, pale lavender to white, four- to five-petalled, borne singly in leaf axils

Stem: Trailing, succulent, rooting at the nodes

Root: Fine roots at each node along the creeping stem

Fruit: Small ovoid capsule

Flowering Period: Year-round in warm, wet climates

Aromatic annual or short-lived perennial subshrub (Lamiaceae), 30-75 cm tall, with erect, much-branched, hairy stems often tinged purple. Leaves are opposite, ovate-oblong with a toothed margin, and release a strong, clove-like (eugenol) scent when crushed. Small purplish-pink, two-lipped flowers are borne in elongated terminal racemes. The plant is held sacred in Hindu tradition (Tulsi).^[11]

Height: 30-75 cm

Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic subshrub

Leaves: Opposite, ovate-oblong, toothed, clove-scented when crushed

Flowers: Small, purplish-pink, two-lipped, in elongated terminal racemes

Stem: Erect, much-branched, hairy, often purple-tinged

Root: Fibrous root system

Fruit: Four small nutlets (typical Lamiaceae schizocarp)

Flowering Period: Most of the year in tropical climates

Habitat

Grows in wet, marshy ground, muddy shorelines, rice paddies and shallow water throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and also found in parts of Africa, Australia and the Americas.^[4]

Native to the Indian subcontinent and tropical Asia, now cultivated and naturalised throughout the tropics and subtropics worldwide; commonly grown in home gardens and temple courtyards as well as cultivated as a medicinal and aromatic crop.^[12]

Harvesting

The whole plant (leaf and trailing stem) is harvested during active growth, typically cut a few centimetres above the mud or water line, and dried or used fresh.

Parts: Leaf, Whole Plant

Season: During active growth (warm season)

Leaves are harvested year-round from actively growing plants, ideally picked once morning dew has dried; whole flowering tops are also gathered.

Parts: Leaf, Flowering tops

Season: Year-round in warm climates

Traditional Uses

Bacopa (brahmi) is a classic Ayurvedic 'medhya rasayana' (brain-nourishing) herb, traditionally used to support memory, learning and mental clarity, and as a calming nervine for anxiety and disturbed sleep. This traditional cognitive reputation is now supported by randomised controlled trials of standardised extracts.^{[1, 4]}

Tulsi is one of the most revered plants in Ayurvedic medicine, traditionally used as an adaptogen for stress, a remedy for respiratory complaints (colds, cough, asthma), and a general immune tonic. Modern clinical trials support adaptogenic/anti-stress, blood-sugar-lowering and immunomodulatory effects consistent with these traditional uses.^{[3, 12]}

Preparations

Standardised extract^{[1, 4]}

Extract standardised to bacoside content, taken as capsules or tablets; the form used in most clinical trials for cognitive support.

Infusion (tea)^[3]

Dried or fresh leaf steeped in hot water, alone or blended with other herbs/spices.

Standardised extract capsule^{[1, 12]}

Encapsulated dry-leaf extract, the form used in most clinical trials for stress, mood and sleep.

Dosage

Standardised extract^{[1, 4]}

Clinical trials for cognitive support commonly use extracts providing around 300 mg dried extract daily, taken for at least several weeks, since benefits accrue gradually. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardised extract^{[1, 12]}

Clinical trials for stress and mood have used standardised dry-extract capsules taken over several weeks; dosing varies by product concentration, so follow the manufacturer's guidance. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)^[13]

The WHO monograph on Folium Ocimi Sancti gives a daily dosage of 6-12 g of the crude drug as a decoction. This is a whole-day total for the fresh or dried leaf, notably higher than the 1-2 g per cup often quoted in popular sources. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0740, REF-0741, REF-0742, REF-2107, REF-2108, REF-2109, REF-2110, REF-2111, REF-2112, REF-2113, REF-2114, REF-2115

REF-1427, REF-1428, REF-1429, REF-1430, REF-1431, REF-1432, REF-1433, REF-1434, REF-1435, REF-1436

Drug Class Interactions

Safety note^{[19, 20]}Caution

Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants

Mechanism: Bacopa (brahmi) is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Holy basil (tulsi) can lower fasting and after-meal blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes; combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

Calabrese, C., Gregory, W.L., Leo, M., Kraemer, D. et al (2008) 'Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial', Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(6), pp. 707-713. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0018 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0018
Lorca, C., Mulet, M., Arévalo-Caro, C., Sanchez, M.Á. et al (2022) 'Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(22), pp. 5521-5545. doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137
Fatima, U., Roy, S., Ahmad, S., Ali, S. et al (2022) 'Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 972379. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.972379 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.972379
Kongkeaw, C., Dilokthornsakul, P., Thanarangsarit, P., Limpeanchob, N. and Norman Scholfield, C (2014) 'Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), pp. 528-535. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008
Vinod, A., Sathianarayanan, S., Babu, A.E., Sadanandan, P., Venu, A.K. and Venkidasamy, B (2022) 'Bacopa monnieri for disorders affecting brain: current perspectives', Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(23), pp. 1909-1929. doi:10.2174/1568026622666220119111538 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026622666220119111538
Dubey, T., Kushwaha, P., Thulasiram, H.V., Chandrashekar, M. and Chinnathambi, S (2023) 'Bacopa monnieri reduces Tau aggregation and Tau-mediated toxicity in cells', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 234, pp. 123171. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123171 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123171
Shalini, V.T., Neelakanta, S.J. and Sriranjini, J.S (2021) 'Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri - a review of experimental evidence', Molecular Biology Reports, 48(3), pp. 2653-2668. doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06236-w Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06236-w
Simpson, T., Pase, M. and Stough, C (2015) 'Bacopa monnieri as an antioxidant therapy to reduce oxidative stress in the aging brain', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, pp. 615384. doi:10.1155/2015/615384 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/615384
Saini, N., Singh, D. and Sandhir, R (2019) 'Bacopa monnieri prevents colchicine-induced dementia by anti-inflammatory action', Metabolic Brain Disease, 34(2), pp. 505-518. doi:10.1007/s11011-018-0332-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-018-0332-1
Dubey, T. and Chinnathambi, S (2019) 'Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): an ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer's disease', Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 676, pp. 108153. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153
Bhandari, P., Kumar, N., Singh, B. and Kaul, V.K (2007) 'Cucurbitacins from Bacopa monnieri', Phytochemistry, 68(9), pp. 1248-1254. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.013 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.013
Sivaramakrishna, C., Rao, C.V., Trimurtulu, G., Vanisree, M. and Subbaraju, G.V (2005) 'Triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri', Phytochemistry, 66(23), pp. 2719-2728. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.016 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.016
World Health Organization (2002) 'WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=WHO%20Monographs%20on%20Selected%20Medicinal%20Plants
Smith, E. and Palethorpe, H.M. and Tomita, Y. and Pei, J.V. and Townsend, A.R. and Price, T.J. and Young, J.P. and Yool, A.J. and Hardingham, J.E (2018) 'The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis', Cells, 7(7), pp. 81. doi:10.3390/cells7070081 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7070081
Yen, D.T.H. and Cuc, N.T. and Tai, B.H. and Van Kiem, P. and Hoang Duc, M. and Nhiem, N.X. and Cho, S.-H. and Jeong, S.B. and Seo, Y. and Park, S (2022) 'Two new triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri and their cytotoxic activity', Natural Product Research, 38(7), pp. 1120-1126. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2132498 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2132498
Calabrese, C., Gregory, W.L., Leo, M., Kraemer, D., Bone, K. and Oken, B (2008) 'Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly', 14(6), pp. 707--713. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Effects%20of%20a%20standardized%20Bacopa%20monnieri%20extract%20on%20cognitive%20performance%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20depression%20in%20the%20elderly
Stough, C., Lloyd, J., Clarke, J., Downey, L.A., Hutchison, C.W., Rodgers, T. and Nathan, P.J (2001) 'The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects', 156(4), pp. 481--484. doi:10.1007/s002130100815 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100815
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201
Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003

Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., Metse, A.P. and Drummond, P.D (2022) 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of an Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) extract (Holixer) on stress, mood, and sleep in adults experiencing stress', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 965130. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.965130 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.965130
Baliga, M.S., Jimmy, R., Thilakchand, K.R., Sunitha, V. and others (2013) 'Ocimum sanctum L (Holy Basil or Tulsi) and its phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer', Nutrition and Cancer, 65(Suppl 1), pp. 26-35. doi:10.1080/01635581.2013.785010 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.785010
Cohen, M.M (2014) 'Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons', Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 5(4), pp. 251-259. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.146554 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.146554
Arya, R., Faruquee, H.M., Shakya, H., Rahman, S.A. and others (2024) 'Harnessing the Antibacterial, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Carcinogenic Properties of Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn (Tulsi)', Plants, 13(24), pp. 3516. doi:10.3390/plants13243516 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243516
Prakash, P. and Gupta, N (2005) 'Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review', Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49(2), pp. 125-131. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Therapeutic%20uses%20of%20Ocimum%20sanctum%20Linn%20%28Tulsi%29%20with%20a%20note%20on%20eugenol%20and%20its%20pharmacological%20actions%3A%20a%20short%20review
Jayapal, V., Vidya Raj, C.K., Muthaiah, M., Chadha, V.K. and others (2021) 'In-vitro anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi/Basil) leaves', Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 68(4), pp. 470-473. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.02.009 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.02.009
Baliga, M.S., Rao, S., Rai, M.P. and D'souza, P (2016) 'Radio protective effects of the Ayurvedic medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Holy Basil): A memoir', Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 12(1), pp. 20-27. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.151422 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.151422
Kamel, F.O., Karim, S., Bafail, D.A.O., Aldawsari, H.M. and others (2023) 'Hepatoprotective effects of bioactive compounds from traditional herb Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, pp. 1213052. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1213052 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1213052
Yadav, I., Kumar, R., Fatima, Z. and Rema, V (2024) 'Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) as a Potential Immunomodulator for the Treatment of Ischemic Injury in the Brain', Current Molecular Medicine, 24(1), pp. 60-73. doi:10.2174/1566524023666221212155340 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524023666221212155340
Kumar, P. and Patel, D (2023) 'Ocimum Sanctum: An All-Round Treatment for Cancer?', Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 29(4), pp. 253-257. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ocimum%20Sanctum%3A%20An%20All-Round%20Treatment%20for%20Cancer%3F
Bhattacharyya, P. and Bishayee, A (2013) 'Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi): an ethnomedicinal plant for the prevention and treatment of cancer', Anti-Cancer Drugs. doi:10.1097/CAD.0b013e328361aca1 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0b013e328361aca1
Jamshidi, N. and Cohen, M.M (2017) 'The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi:10.1155/2017/9217567 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9217567
World Health Organization (2002) 'Folium Ocimi Sancti'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37
Sampath, S., Mahapatra, S.C., Padhi, M.M., Sharma, R. and Talwar, A (2015) 'Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract enhances specific cognitive parameters in healthy adult volunteers: A placebo controlled study', Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 59(1), pp. 69--77. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Holy%20basil%20%28Ocimum%20sanctum%20Linn.%29%20leaf%20extract%20enhances%20specific%20cognitive%20parameters%20in%20healthy%20adult%20volunteers%3A%20A%20placebo%20controlled%20study
Jamshidi, N. and Cohen, M.M (2017) 'The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, pp. 9217567. doi:10.1155/2017/9217567 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9217567
Agrawal, P., Rai, V. and Singh, R.B (1996) 'Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34(9), pp. 406-409. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Randomized%20placebo-controlled%2C%20single%20blind%20trial%20of%20holy%20basil%20leaves%20in%20patients%20with%20noninsulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus

Water Hyssop monograph Holy Basil monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.