Plant Comparison
Mugwort vs Selfheal
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Mugwort and Selfheal: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Mugwort | Selfheal | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Selfheal |
| Infection (general) | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Inflammation (general) | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Wounds | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Multiple undescribed and known sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids isolated from the leaves, several with anti-inflammatory activity.
Volatile oil containing thujone and other monoterpenes; thujone content is the basis of the caution on prolonged internal use.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid and coumarin constituents.
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids), the phenolic acid rosmarinic acid, coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, esculetin) and the flavonoid luteolin are the main bioactives behind self-heal's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
Water-extracted polysaccharides — including a partially sulphated arabinogalactomannan (PSP-2B) and polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates (PVG/PVE30) — are the principal antiviral and immunomodulatory constituents, blocking herpes simplex virus attachment and modulating innate immune signalling.
Pharmacological Actions
Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells (including imatinib-resistant), and trigger tumour-selective ferroptosis/necroptosis in breast cancer and leukaemia cells via lysosomal Ca2+ signalling (preclinical).
inferred from digestive action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from sedative action
inferred from antispasmodic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antiviral action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antimicrobial action
inferred from anticancer action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Contains thujone; avoid high doses or prolonged use. Contraindicated in pregnancy (uterine stimulant and abortifacient). May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae family. Avoid in epilepsy. Not recommended for children.
Duke (2002) rates mugwort as + (use with caution) and notes abortifacient (score 1), emmenagogue, aperitif (score 1), and insecticide activities. Duke clearly flags mugwort as contraindicated in pregnancy due to well-documented abortifacient and uterotonic properties. Traditional use has been as a digestive bitter, and the plant contains volatile oils, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids. Duke notes that the plant may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae and warns against long-term use due to potential neurotoxicity from thujone-containing essential oil (Duke, 2002).
Generally very safe and well tolerated. No significant known toxicity or drug interactions. Safe for topical and internal use in normal medicinal doses. Suitable for most adults including children in appropriate doses.
Duke (2002) rates self-heal as +++ and notes antioxidant (score 2), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and COX-2 inhibitory activities. The plant contains luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside — all with well-documented bioactivities. Hepatoprotective activity has been experimentally demonstrated. Duke notes that self-heal has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and an impressive antioxidant profile, supporting its traditional reputation as a versatile wound-healing herb. No significant safety concerns at normal herbal doses (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Tall, aromatic perennial herb with deeply lobed, dark green leaves that are distinctively silvery-white and woolly beneath. Small, dull reddish-brown to yellowish flower heads are borne in dense, branched, leafy spikes. The reddish-brown, ridged stems and the leaf's contrasting silver underside are characteristic field marks.[3]
Low, creeping to semi-erect perennial herb (Lamiaceae), 5-30 cm tall, with square, often purplish stems. Leaves are opposite, ovate with slightly toothed margins. Small, two-lipped, violet-purple flowers are densely packed into a compact, club-shaped terminal spike subtended by purplish bracts.[1]
Habitat
A common plant of waste ground, roadsides, hedgerows and riverbanks; native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised in North America.[3]
Native throughout Europe, Asia and North America (circumboreal), extremely common in lawns, meadows, woodland clearings, roadsides and waste ground, tolerating mowing and a wide range of soils.[1]
Harvesting
The flowering aerial parts (leaf and stem) are cut in summer as flowering begins and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place; the root can be dug in autumn.[3]
Whole flowering aerial parts (flower, leaf and stem) are cut during flowering (summer) and dried.[1]
Traditional Uses
Mugwort is a widely used traditional bitter digestive tonic and calming nervine, and has a long reputation as an emmenagogue for menstrual complaints (reflected in its traditional use to bring on delayed menstruation, which is also why it is contraindicated in pregnancy). It has also been burned as 'moxa' in East Asian moxibustion and used as an insect repellent ('sailor's tobacco').[3]
Selfheal has an extremely broad folk-medicine reputation across European, North American and Traditional Chinese Medicine traditions - as its name suggests, used as an all-purpose wound herb, gargle for sore throat, and internal remedy for fevers and inflammation. Modern research on its triterpenoid, phenolic and polysaccharide constituents supports wide-ranging antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral activity.[1]
Preparations
Dried aerial parts steeped in hot water, taken internally or used as a gargle or wash.
Dosage
Health Canada's NNHPD monograph gives 0.2-2.4 g of dried herb top, 3 times per day, for adults 18 years and older, with infusion and decoction among the accepted methods of preparation. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Traditional guidance suggests roughly 2-4 g dried herb per cup as an infusion, up to three times daily, or an equivalent tincture; used topically as a wash or gargle at similar strength. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- Liu, T., Chen, X., Hu, Y., Li, M., Wu, Y. et al (2022) 'Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects from Artemisia vulgaris L', Phytochemistry, 204, pp. 113428. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113428 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113428 - Trinh, P.T.N., Truc, N.C., Danh, T.T., Trang, N.T.T., Le Hang, D.T. et al (2024) 'A study on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the Artemisia vulgaris L. extract and its fractions', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 334, pp. 118519. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118519 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2024.118519 - Abiri, R., Silva, A.L.M., de Mesquita, L.S.S., de Mesquita, J.W.C., Atabaki, N. et al (2018) 'Towards a better understanding of Artemisia vulgaris: Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological and biotechnological potential', Food Research International, 109, pp. 403-415. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.072 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.072 - Ekiert, H., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Slesak, H. and Szopa, A (2020) 'Significance of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Common Mugwort) in the History of Medicine and Its Possible Contemporary Applications Substantiated by Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies', Molecules, 25(19), pp. 4415. doi:10.3390/molecules25194415 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194415 - Soon, L., Ng, P.Q., Chellian, J., Madheswaran, T., Panneerselvam, J., Gupta, G., Nammi, S., Hansbro, N.G., Hsu, A., Dureja, H., Mehta, M., Satija, S., Hansbro, P.M., Collet, T. and Chellappan, D.K (2019) 'Therapeutic potential of Artemisia vulgaris: An insight into underlying immunological mechanisms', Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 38(3), pp. 205-216. doi:10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019029397 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019029397 - Xiao, J., Liu, P., Hu, Y., Liu, T., Guo, Y., Sun, P., Zheng, J., Ren, Z. and Wang, Y (2023) 'Antiviral activities of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract against herpes simplex virus', Chinese Medicine, 18(1), pp. 21. doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00711-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-023-00711-1 - Singh, N.B., Devi, M.L., Biona, T., Sharma, N., Das, S., Chakravorty, J., Mukherjee, P.K. and Rajashekar, Y (2023) 'Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L', Molecules, 28(5), pp. 2279. doi:10.3390/molecules28052279 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052279 - Judzentiene, A. and Budiene, J (2018) 'Chemical Polymorphism of Essential Oils of Artemisia vulgaris Growing Wild in Lithuania', Chemistry & Biodiversity, 15(2), pp. e1700257. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201700257 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700257 - Hanh, T.T.H., Vinh, L.B., Cuong, N.X. and Quang, T.H (2022) 'Two new eudesmane sesquiterpene glucosides from the aerial parts of Artemisia vulgaris', Natural Product Research, 37(9), pp. 1544-1549. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2025591 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2025591 - Zamarioli, L.D.S., Santos, M.R.M., Erustes, A.G., Meccatti, V.M., Pereira, T.C., Smaili, S.S., Marcucci, M.C., Oliveira, C.R., Pereira, G.J.S. and Bincoletto, C (2023) 'Artemisia vulgaris Induces Tumor-Selective Ferroptosis and Necroptosis via Lysosomal Ca2+ Signaling', Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 30(6), pp. 525-533. doi:10.1007/s11655-023-3712-2 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-023-3712-2 - Chi, H.T. and Ly, B.T.K (2022) 'Artemisia vulgaris inhibits BCR/ABL and promotes apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells', Biomedical Reports, 17(6), pp. 92. doi:10.3892/br.2022.1575 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1575 - Tiwari, R.K., Ahmad, A., Khan, A.F., Al-Keridis, L.A., Saeed, M., Alshammari, N., Alabdallah, N.M., Ansari, I.A. and Mujeeb, F (2023) 'Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia vulgaris Leaf Promotes Apoptotic Cell Death in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells through Inhibition of the Wnt Signaling Pathway', Metabolites, 13(4), pp. 480. doi:10.3390/metabo13040480 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040480 - Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (2026) 'Natural Health Product Monograph: Mugwort - Artemisia vulgaris'. Available at: https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_mugwort_english.pdf Traditional / reference
https://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/dbImages/mono_mugwort_english.pdf - Becker, H (1986) 'Botany of European Artemisia species', pp. 1--24. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Botany%20of%20European%20Artemisia%20species - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Kung, H.J. and Ko, W.C (2002) 'Pharmacological studies of Artemisia vulgaris', 13(2), pp. 99--108. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Pharmacological%20studies%20of%20Artemisia%20vulgaris - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, M. and Hosseinzadeh, H (2024) 'Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review', Phytotherapy Research, 38(6), pp. 3037-3059. doi:10.1002/ptr.8201 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8201 - Block, K.I., Gyllenhaal, C. and Mead, M.N (2004) 'Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care', Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3(2), pp. 128-148. doi:10.1177/1534735404265003 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735404265003 - Totally Wild UK 'Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Identification'. Available at: https://totallywilduk.co.uk/2021/04/13/identify-mugwort/ Traditional / reference
https://totallywilduk.co.uk/2021/04/13/identify-mugwort/ - Stetzenbach, M. and Schnorbus, B. and Sagoschen, I. and Bleser, W. and Legner, D. and Sturer, A (2017) 'Acute Monkshood Intoxication Requiring Acute Resuscitation', Anasthesiologie Intensivmedizin Notfallmedizin Schmerztherapie, 52(9), pp. 641-644. doi:10.1055/s-0043-106283 Clinical study
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- Mir, R.H., Bhat, M.F., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N.I., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R. and Masoodi, M.H (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L.: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional Uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review', Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 19(1). doi:10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542 - Pan, J. and Wang, H. and Chen, Y (2022) 'Prunella vulgaris L. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, pp. 903171. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171 - Wang, S.J. and Wang, X.H. and Dai, Y.Y. and Ma, M.H. and Rahman, K. and Nian, H. and Zhang, H (2019) 'Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications', Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(3), pp. 359-369. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190313121608 - Zhu, M.J. and Song, Y.J. and Rao, P.L. and Gu, W.Y. and Xu, Y. and Xu, H.X (2025) 'Therapeutic role of Prunella vulgaris L. polysaccharides in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and gut dysbiosis', Journal of Integrative Medicine, 23(3), pp. 297-308. doi:10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2025.03.002 - Zhang, Y. and Qu, X. and Xu, N. and He, H. and Li, Q. and Wei, X. and Chen, Y. and Xu, Y. and Li, X. and Zhang, R. and Zhong, R. and Liu, C. and Xiang, P. and Zhu, F (2024) 'Mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. and luteolin in restoring Tfh/Tfr balance and alleviating oxidative stress in Graves' disease', Phytomedicine, 132, pp. 155818. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155818 - Zhang, S. and Wang, Y. and Wang, M. and Jiang, L. and Ma, X. and Huang, Y. and Liu, T. and Zheng, L. and Li, Y (2024) 'Construction and anti-pancreatic cancer activity of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide', Int J Biol Macromol, 278(Pt 3), pp. 134924. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134924 - Ning, N. and Nan, Y. and Chen, G. and Huang, S. and Lu, D. and Yang, Y. and Meng, F. and Yuan, L (2024) 'Anti-Tumor Effects and Toxicity Reduction Mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review', Molecules, 29(8). doi:10.3390/molecules29081843 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081843 - Han, Q. and Xu, N. and Chen, B. and Wu, W. and Sheng, L (2021) 'Safety and efficacy of Prunella vulgaris preparation in adjuvant treatment of thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis', Medicine (Baltimore), 100(41), pp. e27490. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000027490 - Li, P. and Lv, X. and Wang, J. and Zhang, C. and Zhao, J. and Yang, Y (2023) 'Research on the anti-ageing mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L', Sci Rep, 13(1), pp. 12398. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39609-1 - Zhang, Q. and Chen, X. and Palen, K. and Johnson, B. and Bui, D. and Xiong, D. and Pan, J. and Hu, M. and Wang, Y. and You, M (2023) 'Cancer chemoprevention with PV-1, a novel Prunella vulgaris-containing herbal mixture that remodels the tumor immune microenvironment in mice', Front Immunol, 14, pp. 1196434. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196434 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.095 - Qu, Z. and Zhang, J. and Yang, H. and Gao, J. and Chen, H. and Liu, C. and Gao, W (2016) 'Prunella vulgaris L., an Edible and Medicinal Plant, Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats', Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(2), pp. 291-300. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04597 - Guo, Q. and Qu, H. and Zhang, H. and Zhong, X (2021) 'Prunella vulgaris L. Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR9 Signaling', Drug Design Development and Therapy, Volume 15, pp. 4559-4574. doi:10.2147/dddt.s325814 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s325814 - Akkol, E.K. and Renda, G. and İlhan, M. and Bektaş, N.Y (2022) 'Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, pp. 115411-115411. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411 - Yu, F. and Zhang, L. and Ma, R. and Liu, C. and Wang, Q. and Yin, D (2021) 'The Antitumour Effect of Prunella vulgaris Extract on Thyroid Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, pp. 1-12. doi:10.1155/2021/8869323 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8869323 - Zhong, X., Zhang, Y., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Luo, X., Wu, R., Xi, Z., Li, Y. and Xu, H (2024) 'Prunella vulgaris polysaccharide inhibits herpes simplex virus infection by blocking TLR-mediated NF-kB activation', Chinese Medicine, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-023-00865-y - Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Zhong, X., Fu, W., Luo, X., Feng, J., Yuan, M., Xiao, L. and Xu, H (2021) 'Polyphenolic-protein-polysaccharide conjugates from Spica of Prunella vulgaris: Chemical profile and anti-herpes simplex virus activities', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.200 Preclinical
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Psotova, J. et al (2003) 'Biological activities of Prunella vulgaris extract', 17(9), pp. 1082--1087. doi:10.1002/ptr.1324 Preclinical
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Antiviral%20activity%20of%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Prunella%20vulgaris%20L - Haarberg, K.M.K., Wymore Brand, M.J., Overstreet, A.M.C., Hauck, C.C., Murphy, P.A., Hostetter, J.M., Ramer-Tait, A.E. and Wannemuehler, M.J (2015) 'Orally administered extract from Prunella vulgaris attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a(-/-) mice', World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6(4), pp. 223--237. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.223 Preclinical
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.