Plant Comparison
Bearberry vs Field restharrow
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Bearberry and Field restharrow: they share 6 indicated uses (cancer (anticancer research), infection (general), skin irritation, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Bearberry | Field restharrow | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 2/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Infection (general) | 6/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Bearberry |
| Skin irritation | 1/10 | 2/10 | Comparable evidence |
| Urinary support | 6/10 | 9/10 | Stronger for Field restharrow |
| Urinary tract infection (UTI) | 6/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Bearberry |
| Wounds | 6/10 | 2/10 | Stronger for Bearberry |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Hydroquinone glycoside; hydrolysed and excreted as antibacterial hydroquinone in the urine.
Up to ~20%; responsible for the astringency and for gastric irritation at high doses.
Formononetin and its 7-O-glucoside ononin, plus related isoflavones - the signature restharrow constituents (also phytoestrogens).
Pterocarpans and isoflavanones and their glucosides, contributing to antimicrobial and wound-healing activity.
alpha-Onocerin (onocerin), a characteristic triterpene of the genus Ononis.
Caffeic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids (antioxidant).
A volatile oil present in the root and aerial parts.
Pharmacological Actions
Arbutin, the hydroquinone glucoside characteristic of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), shows antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity across multiple cancer types (preclinical).
Antibacterial in the urinary tract (arbutin is converted to antibacterial hydroquinone, favoured by alkaline urine); Urinary antiseptic for mild, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection / cystitis (short-term)
Aquaretic diuretic; the classic irrigation-therapy action of restharrow root (Ononidis radix), used interchangeably for O. arvensis and O. spinosa.
Aqueous root extract reduced adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to bladder cells (anti-adhesive).
Inhibits IL-8 release via TLR4/LPS and cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (restharrow root).
Analgesic activity of Ononis extract in animals (congener O. spinosa).
Protective against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (congener O. spinosa).
Ononis isoflavones showed chemopreventive/antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (preclinical).
Traditional & Indicated Uses
The bearberry constituent arbutin suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation, migration and invasion via miR-338-3p/MTHFD1L and AKT/mTOR inactivation, and has documented anticancer potential against bladder, breast, colon, liver and other cancers (preclinical).
Urinary antiseptic for mild, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection / cystitis (short-term)
inferred from astringent action
inferred from urinary-antiseptic action
Antibacterial in the urinary tract (arbutin is converted to antibacterial hydroquinone, favoured by alkaline urine); Urinary antiseptic for mild, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection / cystitis (short-term)
inferred from anticancer action
Aquaretic diuretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.
Anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
inferred from diuretic / urinary 'gravel' traditional use
inferred from diuretic (aquaretic) action
inferred from antimicrobial action
Isoflavonoid wound-healing agents from restharrow root.
inferred from anti-inflammatory and traditional skin/eczema use
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Short-term use only: not for more than 1 week at a time and not more than about 5 times per year. If symptoms persist beyond ~4 days, worsen, or are accompanied by fever, blood in the urine or pain, seek medical care.
Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding and not for use in children or adolescents under 18 years.
A safety signal exists in the genus: an Ononis spinosa root extract showed hepatotoxic effects at higher doses in animals (alongside analgesic activity). Avoid excessive or prolonged use, and use caution in liver disease.
Used as an aquaretic for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract, restharrow should be taken with a generous fluid intake; it should NOT be used for 'flushing' when there is oedema due to impaired heart or kidney function (standard irrigation-therapy caution).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Low, mat-forming evergreen shrub with trailing, woody stems that root as they spread. The leaves are small, leathery, spatula-shaped (spoon-shaped), glossy dark green above and paler beneath, with a smooth, untoothed margin and a rounded tip. Small, urn-shaped, pink-and-white flowers hang in short clusters in spring, followed by bright red, mealy berries.[11]
A tough, deep-rooted perennial herb or low subshrub of the pea family, 30-80 cm tall, sometimes bearing soft spines. It has a very long, woody, tenacious taproot - so strong it was said to stop (arrest) the harrow, giving 'rest-harrow' its name. The stems are hairy and sticky, often reddish, and clothed in small trifoliolate (clover-like) leaves with toothed leaflets. The flowers are typical pea flowers, pink to purplish-pink (occasionally white), borne singly or in pairs in the leaf axils. Field restharrow (O. arvensis) is generally less spiny than its close relative spiny restharrow (O. spinosa).[8, 10]
Habitat
Grows on dry, acidic, sandy or rocky ground in open woodland, heath, moorland and mountain slopes across the northern hemisphere (Europe, Asia and North America), often in exposed, cold, upland or subarctic sites.[11]
Rough grassland, field margins, roadsides, dunes and dry, sandy or calcareous waste ground across Europe, western Asia and parts of North Africa. As a deep-rooted, nitrogen-fixing legume it colonises poor, disturbed soils and was historically a troublesome weed of arable fields (hence 'restharrow').[8]
Harvesting
The leaves are gathered in autumn to early spring (outside the flowering and fruiting season), when arbutin content is at its highest, and dried carefully to preserve the glycoside.[11]
The root (Ononidis radix) is the principal medicinal part, dug in autumn from the second year onward and dried; the aerial flowering parts are also gathered in summer. The long woody taproot is cleaned and cut before drying for decoctions and infusions.[8]
Traditional Uses
Bearberry leaf is a long-established European folk and official (EU herbal monograph) remedy for mild, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections and cystitis, used short-term as a urinary antiseptic; it has also been used traditionally as an astringent for mild diarrhoea.[11]
Restharrow root has a long place in European herbal medicine as a gentle aquaretic diuretic used for 'irrigation therapy' of the urinary tract - to increase urine flow in cystitis, urinary gravel and stones, and to flush the bladder. Field restharrow (Ononis arvensis) is used interchangeably with the officinal spiny restharrow (O. spinosa, Ononidis radix). The root and flowering herb have also been used as a mild anti-inflammatory, for skin complaints and eczema, for rheumatic conditions, and (as a decoction or gargle) for the mouth and throat. The isoflavone-rich root is a folk remedy in central and eastern European traditions.[8, 13]
Preparations
Dried leaf macerated in cold water for several hours, which extracts less tannin (reducing gastric irritation) than a hot infusion; the preferred traditional preparation.
Dried leaf infused or lightly decocted in hot water; alkalinising the urine (e.g. with dietary measures) is traditionally recommended alongside use, since arbutin's antibacterial action requires alkaline urine.
The dried root simmered in water and taken as an aquaretic diuretic for irrigation of the urinary tract; the classic restharrow preparation.
The flowering aerial parts infused as a milder diuretic and anti-inflammatory tea.
A root decoction used traditionally as a mouth/throat gargle and as a wash for skin complaints.
Dosage
The EU herbal monograph describes traditional use of about 3 g dried leaf per cup, up to four times daily, for no more than one week at a time and no more than about five times a year. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Not documented
References
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
Synonyms
Not documented
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Not documented
Classic urinary irrigation-therapy pairing: both are aquaretic diuretics used to increase urine flow in cystitis and urinary gravel.[13]
Both are traditional diuretic 'flushing' herbs for irrigation therapy of the urinary tract.[13]
Both are Fabaceae rich in the isoflavone phytoestrogen formononetin; combined use adds to phytoestrogen exposure - use caution in hormone-sensitive conditions.[1]
References & Sources
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https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091952 - de Arriba, S.G. and Naser, B. and Nolte, K.U (2013) 'Risk assessment of free hydroquinone derived from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi folium herbal preparations', International Journal of Toxicology, 32(6), pp. 442-453. doi:10.1177/1091581813507721 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.057 - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2018) 'European Union herbal monograph on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., folium (Uvae ursi folium)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/uvae-ursi-folium Traditional / reference
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https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4(1)-14-19 - Paździora, W. and Grabowska, K. and Paśko, P. and Prochownik, E. and Podolak, I. and Galanty, A (2026) 'Multifaceted Evaluation of Isoflavone-Rich Fabaceae Species in Prostate Cancer In Vitro Models', Applied Sciences. doi:10.3390/app16136289 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16136289 - Gallo, G. and Cicione, A. and Nacchia, A. and Lombardo, R. and Riolo, S. and Guercio, A. and Fiasconaro, D. and Nunzio, C.D (2026) 'A randomized controlled trial comparing alpha-blocker (tamsulosin) and a phyto-complex (Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllantus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus and Ononis spinosa) in the treatment of ureteral stent-related symptoms', Urologia Journal. doi:10.1177/03915603261454171 Randomized trial
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https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2024-12-02 - Mauro, E.D. and Saldutto, P. and Rocca, R.L. and Sangiorgi, G. and Patelli, G. and Barone, B. and Verratti, V. and Castellucci, R. and Napolitano, L. and Iacono, F. and Altieri, V (2024) 'Efficacy and Safety of Boldine Combined with Phyllanthus niruri and Ononis spinosa in Medical Expulsive Therapy for Distal Ureteral Stones with Renal Colic: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study', Medicina. doi:10.3390/medicina60091455 Clinical study
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https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2021.1914597 - Abbas, M.A. and Jaffal, S.M (2019) 'ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTION OF ONONIS SPINOSA LEAF EXTRACT IN MOUSE PAIN MODELS', Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research. doi:10.32383/appdr/99291 Preclinical
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https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202104_25562
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.