Plant Comparison

Lesser Burdock vs Tansy

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant ALesser BurdockArctium minusAsteraceaeFull monograph →

Plant BTansyTanacetum vulgareAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Lesser Burdock and Tansy: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 3 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, inflammation (general), skin irritation); 2 pharmacological actions in common.

Lesser BurdockTansy

Constituents33

Pharmacological actions55

Indicated uses119

Safety notes22

Cited sources2016

Indicated uses

Only Lesser Burdock

AcneCancer (anticancer research)Detox / cleansingEczemaPsoriasisSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)

Shared (3)

Arthritis / joint painInflammation (general)Skin irritation

Only Tansy

BloatingIndigestionInfection (general)Menstrual crampsMuscle spasmWounds

Pharmacological actions

Only Lesser Burdock

Alterative / depurative ('detox')Anticancer (preclinical)Diuretic

Shared (2)

Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidant

Only Tansy

AntimicrobialAntispasmodicDigestive aid

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Lesser Burdock	Tansy	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence
Skin irritation	1/10	1/10	Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Inulin (prebiotic fructan, up to ~50% of the root)^{[15, 16]}

The major storage carbohydrate; a prebiotic fibre.

PolysaccharidesInulin

Lignans (arctigenin, arctiin)^[15]

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant constituents.

Arctigenin / arctiinLignans

Polyphenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic), polyacetylenes and tannins^[16]

Antimicrobial and antioxidant constituents.

Chlorogenic acidCaffeic acidTannins

Essential oil (thujone, camphor)^[1]

Thujone is the neurotoxic, safety-limiting constituent responsible for tansy's real internal-use toxicity.

Essential (volatile) oilCamphorTerpenes / terpenoids

Sesquiterpene lactones^[2]

Contribute to the plant's bitter taste and antimicrobial activity.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenes

Flavonoids^[7]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Flavonoids

Pharmacological Actions

Alterative / depurative ('detox')^{[15, 16, 17]}

Traditional 'alterative' / depurative for chronic skin conditions - eczema, psoriasis, acne and boils (internally and topically)

Anti-inflammatory^{[4, 5, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[6, 7, 11]}

Lesser burdock (Arctium minus) leaf, flower and root extracts (rich in arctiin/arctigenin and chlorogenic acid) are cytotoxic to breast and liver cancer cells, including multidrug-resistant tumour lines (preclinical).

Antioxidant^{[5, 6, 10, 15]}

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

Diuretic^{[15, 16]}

Mild diuretic supporting elimination ('detox', traditional)

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 11, 12, 13]}

Antimicrobial^{[1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13]}

Antioxidant^{[2, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13]}

Antispasmodic^{[11, 12, 13]}

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid^{[11, 12, 13]}

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Acne^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

Sebaceous-gland regulator - helps balance skin oil (acne); Traditional 'alterative' / depurative for chronic skin conditions - eczema, psoriasis, acne and boils (internally and topically)

Evidence: 1

Label: Acne

Arthritis / joint pain^[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[6, 7, 11]}Traditional · 2/10

Arctium minus extracts show dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HepG2 liver cancer cells and are active against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumour cell lines (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Detox / cleansing^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

Mild diuretic supporting elimination ('detox', traditional); Traditional 'alterative' / depurative for chronic skin conditions - eczema, psoriasis, acne and boils (internally and topically)

Evidence: 1

Label: Detox / cleansing

Eczema^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

Traditional 'alterative' / depurative for chronic skin conditions - eczema, psoriasis, acne and boils (internally and topically)

Evidence: 1

Label: Eczema

Inflammation (general)^[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Psoriasis^{[15, 16, 17]}Traditional · 1/10

Traditional 'alterative' / depurative for chronic skin conditions - eczema, psoriasis, acne and boils (internally and topically)

Evidence: 1

Label: Psoriasis

Skin irritation^[15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Swelling / fluid retention^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Swelling / fluid retention

Urinary support^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary support

Urinary tract infection (UTI)^{[15, 16]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Arthritis / joint pain^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Bloating^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Bloating

Indigestion^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1

Label: Indigestion

Infection (general)^{[6, 11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 2/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 2

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Menstrual cramps^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Menstrual cramps

Muscle spasm^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1

Label: Muscle spasm

Skin irritation^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Wounds^{[11, 12, 13]}Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1

Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^[16]Info

As a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae), it can cause allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. The high inulin content can cause temporary bloating or gas.

Safety note^[16]Caution

May lower blood sugar (caution with antidiabetic medicines) and add to diuretics; avoid medicinal doses in pregnancy.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13]}Caution

CAUTION: Tansy is considered toxic in medicinal doses and is NOT recommended for internal use. Thujone can cause convulsions, liver and kidney damage. Contraindicated in pregnancy (uterotonic and abortifacient). External use (as insect repellent) is generally safe. For information and historical reference only — do not use internally.

Safety note^{[11, 12, 13, 14]}Caution

Duke (2002) rates tansy as ++ but emphasizes important safety concerns. The plant contains thujone (a neurotoxic ketone) and camphor, making it potentially toxic with internal use. Documented activities include emmenagogue, abortifacient (score 1), and insecticide. Duke strongly cautions against internal use except under professional supervision, noting that historical cases of tansy poisoning have resulted in convulsions and death. Topical use as an insect repellent is safer but should still avoid prolonged skin contact due to the essential oil's sensitizing potential. Strictly contraindicated in pregnancy (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 5393103

Wikidata: Q20996

Gbif: 3118274

Wikidata: Q27079

Botanical Description

Biennial herb closely related to greater burdock, forming a first-year rosette of large, heart-shaped, long-stalked leaves, green above and grey-woolly beneath, generally smaller than Arctium lappa. In the second year it produces a branching flowering stem with smaller purple thistle-like flower heads in a looser, more sprawling habit, each enclosed in a globe of hooked bracts that ripen into clinging burrs.^[15]

Height: 0.5-1.5 m (flowering stem, second year)

Habit: Biennial herb; first-year rosette, sprawling branched second-year stem

Leaves: Large, heart-shaped, long-stalked, green above and grey-woolly beneath (smaller than A. lappa)

Flowers: Smaller purple thistle-like flower heads in a looser, sprawling arrangement, enclosed in hooked bracts

Stem: Branching, more sprawling than A. lappa (second year only)

Root: Long, fleshy first-year taproot ('wild rhubarb')

Fruit: Bristly, hooked burr enclosing small achenes

Flowering Period: July-September (second year)

Aromatic perennial herb (Asteraceae), 50-120 cm tall, with erect, reddish, ridged stems. Leaves are finely divided, fern-like and strongly camphor-scented. Flat-topped clusters of small, yellow, button-like flower heads lack ray florets (petals).^[11]

Height: 50-120 cm

Habit: Erect, aromatic perennial herb

Leaves: Finely divided, fern-like, strongly camphor-scented

Flowers: Small, yellow, button-like heads with no ray florets, in flat-topped clusters

Stem: Erect, reddish, ridged

Root: Spreading rhizomatous root system

Fruit: Small ribbed achenes (typical Asteraceae)

Flowering Period: July-September

Habitat

A common weed of waste ground, roadsides, hedgerows and disturbed soil; native to Europe and widely naturalised in North America, where it is often the most common wild burdock species.^[15]

Native to Europe and temperate Asia, widely naturalised elsewhere; grows on roadsides, waste ground, riverbanks and disturbed grassland.^[11]

Harvesting

The root is dug at the end of the first growing season or early in the second spring, before flowering; leaf may be gathered through the first year. Careful identification against deadly nightshade, whose root can resemble burdock, is essential before digging.^[15]

Parts: Root (and leaf)

Season: End of year one or start of year two, before flowering

Flowering aerial parts are cut in summer, when in full flower, and dried for external/historical use; given this plant's real toxicity (thujone content) at internal doses, this record does not recommend or describe internal harvesting for medicinal consumption.^[11]

Parts: Flower, Leaf, Stem

Season: Summer, at full flower

Traditional Uses

Lesser burdock is used interchangeably with the better-studied Arctium lappa in Western herbal medicine, as a traditional alterative/depurative for chronic skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and acne, and as a mild diuretic supporting elimination.^{[15, 16]}

Tansy has a long European history as a strewing herb, insect repellent and, historically, an internal vermifuge and emmenagogue, but its thujone and camphor content make internal medicinal use unsafe by modern standards. Today it is used, with caution, mainly as an external insect repellent; the traditional internal uses are recorded here for historical reference only, not as a recommendation.^[11]

Preparations

Decoction (root)^[15]

Dried or fresh root simmered in water as a traditional alterative and skin-support decoction.

Topical wash^[15]

Cooled decoction used as a topical wash for eczema, acne and other skin irritation, reflecting the traditional external alterative use.

Dried herb (insect repellent, external)^[11]

Dried flowering tops used as a traditional moth/insect deterrent, for example in sachets.

Essential oil (external, historical)^[1]

Used historically as an insect repellent; prolonged skin contact should still be avoided given its sensitising potential.

References

REF-0723, REF-0722, REF-0724, REF-1924, REF-1925, REF-1926, REF-1927, REF-1928, REF-1929, REF-1930, REF-1931, REF-1932, REF-1933, REF-1934

REF-1293, REF-1294, REF-1295, REF-1296, REF-1297, REF-1298, REF-1299, REF-1300, REF-1301, REF-1302

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: has-lookalikes

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note^{[18, 19, 20]}Fatal

Dangerous Plant: atropa-belladonna

Confused Part: First-year taproots dug for use as food or 'burdock root tea'; the root of deadly nightshade closely resembles a burdock root and the two grow as weeds in the same rough ground.

Confusion Context: Lesser burdock (Arctium minus) is dug for its long first-year taproot, used as a vegetable and as 'burdock root tea.' Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) grows as a weed in the same disturbed ground and its root closely resembles a burdock root, so belladonna root can be gathered or processed in mistake for burdock. This has caused real poisonings: a JAMA case report (Bryson et al., 1978) describes atropine poisoning from a commercial burdock root tea, and belladonna-contaminated herbal teas have caused severe anticholinergic poisoning from as little as a few milligrams of atropine. Belladonna contains tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine); poisoning causes dry flushed skin, widely dilated pupils, blurred vision, fever, a racing heart, agitation, hallucinations, seizures and can be fatal, especially in children.

Distinguishing Features: Whole plant: only dig burdock when you can match the whole living plant - burdock has huge rhubarb-like heart-shaped leaves that are whitish-woolly underneath and, in its second year, the familiar hooked burrs. Deadly nightshade is a branching plant with dull green oval pointed leaves, solitary purple-brown bell-shaped flowers and shiny black cherry-sized berries., Berries (decisive if present): burdock never bears berries - it makes bristly burrs. A plant near your 'burdock' bearing shiny black berries in green star-shaped calyces is deadly nightshade - do not dig roots from that ground., Best practice: because the roots alone are hard to tell apart, do not wild-harvest burdock root unless an expert has confirmed the living plant - buy it from a reputable supplier instead.

Key Test: Identify the whole living plant before digging any root. Confirm large rhubarb-like leaves that are woolly-white underneath (and hooked burrs in the second year) for burdock. If there are shiny black berries, purple-brown bell-shaped flowers or oval pointed leaves among the plants, deadly nightshade may be present - do not dig or brew root tea from there. When in doubt, buy burdock rather than foraging the root.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Dangerous

Dangerous Plant: jacobaea-vulgaris

Confused Part: Yellow-flowered plant gathered for its aromatic foliage and flowers; tansy ragwort shares the name, the yellow colour and rough ground.

Confusion Context: Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is gathered for its aromatic fern-like foliage and flat clusters of yellow button flowers. Tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris, syn. Senecio jacobaea) shares the 'tansy' name, the yellow colouring and the same rough grassland, and the two are confused. Ragwort contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that cause cumulative liver damage and can sicken or kill livestock and people, with the highest risk once cut or dried into hay or herbal material. Because both are yellow-flowered weeds of the same ground, correct identification matters before gathering.

Distinguishing Features: Flowers (decisive): common tansy has flat-topped clusters of yellow BUTTON flowers with no petals (ray florets). Tansy ragwort has open, daisy-like yellow flowers with about 13 spreading petals. Petalled daisy flowers = ragwort, not tansy., Leaves: common tansy has finely divided, fern-like aromatic leaves; ragwort leaves are blunter, 'kale-like', ruffled and lobed., Smell: crushed tansy is strongly aromatic; ragwort lacks that camphor-like tansy scent.

Key Test: Look at the flowers. Flat clusters of petal-less yellow buttons on strongly aromatic fern-like foliage = common tansy. Open daisy-like yellow flowers with about 13 petals and ruffled 'kale-like' leaves = tansy ragwort - toxic to the liver, do not gather it. If the flowers have petals, it is not tansy.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dosage

Not documented

Internal use^{[11, 12, 13]}

Tansy is NOT recommended for internal use at any dose given its thujone content and documented toxicity (convulsions, liver/kidney damage) - internal use recorded here is for historical reference only. External use (e.g. as an insect repellent) should avoid prolonged skin contact. Educational reference only, not a prescription; strictly avoid in pregnancy.

References & Sources

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https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0352430
Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal
Kivilaan, A. and Bandurski, R.S (1981) 'The 1879 Beal seed viability experiment', 68(9), pp. 1290--1292. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%201879%20Beal%20seed%20viability%20experiment
Orav, A., Raal, A. and Arak, E (2006) 'Essential oil composition of Tanacetum vulgare L', 20(12), pp. 1129--1142. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Essential%20oil%20composition%20of%20Tanacetum%20vulgare%20L
Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board 'Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)'. Available at: https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort Traditional / reference
https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort
Schneider, J. and Tsegaye, Y. and W/Tensae, M. and G/Selassie, S. and Haile, T. and Bane, A. and Ali, A. and Mesfin, G. and Seboxa, T (2012) 'Veno-occlusive liver disease: a case report', Ethiopian Medical Journal, 50 Suppl 2, pp. 47-51. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/ Clinical study
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22946295/

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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.