Plant Comparison

Greater Burdock vs Mugwort

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AGreater BurdockArctium lappaAsteraceaeFull monograph →
Plant BMugwortArtemisia vulgarisAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Greater Burdock and Mugwort: both belong to the Asteraceae family; they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, cancer (anticancer research), …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.

Greater BurdockMugwort
Constituents13
Pharmacological actions57
Indicated uses711
Safety notes22
Cited sources2421
Indicated uses
Only Greater Burdock
Eczema
Shared (6)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingCancer (anticancer research)IndigestionInflammation (general)Skin irritation
Only Mugwort
Infection (general)Insomnia / sleeplessnessMenstrual crampsMuscle spasmWounds
Pharmacological actions
Only Greater Burdock
Emollient / skin-soothing
Shared (4)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntioxidantDigestive aid
Only Mugwort
AntimicrobialAntispasmodicSedative / sleep support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionGreater BurdockMugwortVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain2/101/10Comparable evidence
Bloating2/101/10Comparable evidence
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Indigestion2/101/10Comparable evidence
Inflammation (general)2/101/10Comparable evidence
Skin irritation2/101/10Comparable evidence

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Inulin-type fructans and caffeoylquinic acids[1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11]

Burdock root is a rich source of prebiotic inulin-type fructans (fructooligosaccharides) along with chlorogenic and caffeic acids, the lignans arctiin and arctigenin, cynarine and quercetin, which underlie its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gut-supporting activity.

Chlorogenic acidCaffeic acidArctigenin / arctiinQuercetinPolysaccharidesLignansInulin
Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids[1]

Multiple undescribed and known sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids isolated from the leaves, several with anti-inflammatory activity.

SesquiterpenesTerpenes / terpenoids
Essential oil (thujone, cineole, camphor)[3]

Volatile oil containing thujone and other monoterpenes; thujone content is the basis of the caution on prolonged internal use.

Essential (volatile) oil1,8-Cineole (eucalyptol)CamphorTerpenes / terpenoids
Flavonoids and coumarins[3]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid and coumarin constituents.

FlavonoidsCoumarins

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15]
Anticancer (preclinical)[9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]

Burdock (Arctium lappa) extracts and the lignan arctigenin inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon, breast, lung and gastric cancer cells, attenuate melanoma progression and reduce preneoplastic colon lesions in vivo (preclinical).

Antioxidant[1, 2, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16]
Digestive aid[4, 11, 13, 14, 15]
Emollient / skin-soothing[1, 2, 13, 14, 15]
Anti-inflammatory[1, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, 16]
Anticancer (preclinical)[3, 10, 11, 12]

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and breast cancer cells (preclinical).

Antimicrobial[3, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16]
Antioxidant[14, 15, 16]
Antispasmodic[14, 15, 16]

Antispasmodic (cramp easing)

Digestive aid[4, 14, 15, 16]
Sedative / sleep support[14, 15, 16]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[1, 2, 11, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[4, 11, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 2
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]Traditional · 2/10

Arctium lappa root reduces diet-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and suppresses melanoma progression; its lignan arctigenin induces apoptosis in colon (HT-29), breast (in vitro/in vivo), lung and gastric cancer cells and chemosensitizes them to doxorubicin (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Eczema[1, 2, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from emollient action

Evidence: 2
Label: Eczema
Indigestion[4, 11, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 2
Label: Indigestion
Inflammation (general)[1, 2, 11, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[1, 2, 11, 13, 14, 15]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Skin irritation
Arthritis / joint pain[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[3, 10, 11, 12]Traditional · 2/10

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) extracts inhibit BCR/ABL and induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells (including imatinib-resistant), and trigger tumour-selective ferroptosis/necroptosis in breast cancer and leukaemia cells via lysosomal Ca2+ signalling (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Indigestion[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Insomnia / sleeplessness[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from sedative action

Evidence: 1
Label: Insomnia / sleeplessness
Menstrual cramps[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10
Evidence: 1
Label: Menstrual cramps
Muscle spasm[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antispasmodic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Muscle spasm
Skin irritation[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Wounds[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[13, 14, 15]Caution

Generally safe as a food plant. Allergic reactions are possible in those sensitive to Asteraceae. Avoid in pregnancy due to uterine-stimulating effects reported in animal studies. The burs (seed heads) can cause mechanical irritation of skin and eyes on contact. Not recommended in biliary obstruction.

Safety note[13, 14, 15, 21]Serious

Duke (2002) rates burdock as +++ and notes antibacterial, antimutagenic, antitumor, choleretic, diuretic, and prebiotic (bifidogenic) activities at the experimental level (score 1). The root is rich in inulin (a prebiotic fructooligosaccharide), which promotes growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Dose: 1–2 g dried root in tea three times daily, or 2–4 ml of tincture. Duke notes burdock's general safety, though it belongs to the Asteraceae family and can trigger reactions in sensitive individuals. It should be distinguished from belladonna and similar plants, which resemble it in early growth (Duke, 2002).

Safety note[14, 15, 16]Caution

Contains thujone; avoid high doses or prolonged use. Contraindicated in pregnancy (uterine stimulant and abortifacient). May cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the Asteraceae family. Avoid in epilepsy. Not recommended for children.

Safety note[14, 15, 16, 17]Caution

Duke (2002) rates mugwort as + (use with caution) and notes abortifacient (score 1), emmenagogue, aperitif (score 1), and insecticide activities. Duke clearly flags mugwort as contraindicated in pregnancy due to well-documented abortifacient and uterotonic properties. Traditional use has been as a digestive bitter, and the plant contains volatile oils, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids. Duke notes that the plant may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae and warns against long-term use due to potential neurotoxicity from thujone-containing essential oil (Duke, 2002).

External Ids

Gbif: 7353729
Wikidata: Q26932
Gbif: 3120946
Wikidata: Q26663

Botanical Description

Robust biennial herb forming a large rosette of huge, heart-shaped (rhubarb-like), long-stalked leaves, dark green above and whitish-woolly beneath, in its first year. In the second year it sends up a tall, branching, grooved flowering stem bearing purple thistle-like flower heads enclosed in a globe of stiff, hooked bracts that ripen into the familiar clinging burrs.[1, 2]

Height: 1-2 m (flowering stem, second year)
Habit: Robust biennial herb; large rosette in year one, tall branching stem in year two
Leaves: Huge, heart-shaped, long-stalked, dark green above and whitish-woolly beneath
Flowers: Purple thistle-like flower heads enclosed in a globe of stiff, hooked bracts
Stem: Tall, branching, grooved flowering stem (second year only)
Root: Long, thick, fleshy first-year taproot
Fruit: Bristly, hooked burr enclosing small achenes, clinging to fur and clothing
Flowering Period: July-September (second year)

Tall, aromatic perennial herb with deeply lobed, dark green leaves that are distinctively silvery-white and woolly beneath. Small, dull reddish-brown to yellowish flower heads are borne in dense, branched, leafy spikes. The reddish-brown, ridged stems and the leaf's contrasting silver underside are characteristic field marks.[3]

Height: 60-150 cm
Habit: Tall, erect, aromatic perennial herb
Leaves: Deeply lobed, dark green above, distinctively silvery-white woolly beneath
Flowers: Small, dull reddish-brown to yellowish flower heads in dense, branched, leafy spikes
Stem: Reddish-brown, ridged, often woody at the base
Root: Woody, spreading rhizome
Fruit: Small achene without pappus
Flowering Period: July-September

Habitat

A common weed of disturbed ground, waste places, roadsides, field margins and riverbanks on rich, moist soils; native to Europe and temperate Asia and naturalised in North America and elsewhere.[2]

A common plant of waste ground, roadsides, hedgerows and riverbanks; native to Europe, Asia and North Africa and widely naturalised in North America.[3]

Harvesting

The root is dug at the end of the first growing season (autumn) or early in the second spring, before the flowering stem develops, when it is at its most tender and richest in inulin; leaves are picked through the first year, and the seed/fruit is collected from the dried burrs in the second autumn. Careful identification against deadly nightshade, whose root can resemble burdock, is essential before digging.[11]

Parts: Leaf, Root, Seed
Season: Root at the end of year one or start of year two; leaf through year one; seed in year-two autumn

The flowering aerial parts (leaf and stem) are cut in summer as flowering begins and dried in a warm, shaded, airy place; the root can be dug in autumn.[3]

Parts: Leaf, Root, Stem
Season: Summer for aerial parts; autumn for root

Traditional Uses

Burdock root is a classic 'alterative' or blood-purifying herb of European and East Asian (gobo) traditional medicine, used for chronic skin conditions, as a mild diuretic supporting elimination, and as a digestive bitter; the root is also eaten as a root vegetable (gobo) in Japanese cuisine.[1, 2]

Mugwort is a widely used traditional bitter digestive tonic and calming nervine, and has a long reputation as an emmenagogue for menstrual complaints (reflected in its traditional use to bring on delayed menstruation, which is also why it is contraindicated in pregnancy). It has also been burned as 'moxa' in East Asian moxibustion and used as an insect repellent ('sailor's tobacco').[3]

Preparations

Decoction (root)[2]

Dried or fresh root simmered in water as a traditional alterative and digestive decoction.

Tincture[12]

Tincture of the dried root, ethanol 45% V/V or 25% V/V, 8-12 ml three times daily per the EU herbal monograph. The monograph states the ethanol strength but no drug-extract ratio, so no 1:5 ratio is claimed here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Fresh root (culinary)[11]

Fresh root peeled and cooked as a root vegetable (gobo), continuing the traditional food-medicine use.

Infusion[3]

Dried leaf and flowering tops infused in hot water as a bitter digestive and calming tea.

Moxa (external heat therapy)[3]

Dried, processed leaf ('moxa') burned near or on the skin over acupuncture points in traditional East Asian moxibustion.

Dosage

Root decoction[12]

The EU herbal monograph on Arctium lappa L., radix gives, for adults and elderly, a single dose of 2-6 g of the comminuted root as an infusion, 3 times daily; a powdered herbal substance at 350 mg 3-5 times daily, a liquid extract at 2-8 mL 3 times daily and a soft extract at 0.2 g per dose (1-2 g daily) are also listed. Not recommended under 18 years, and a practitioner should be consulted if symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Tincture[12]

The EU herbal monograph gives 8-12 mL three times daily, for tinctures in either 45% V/V or 25% V/V ethanol, in adults and elderly. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion[13]

Health Canada's NNHPD monograph gives 0.2-2.4 g of dried herb top, 3 times per day, for adults 18 years and older, with infusion and decoction among the accepted methods of preparation. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-0709, REF-0705, REF-2338, REF-0707, REF-2339, REF-0722, REF-2340, REF-2341, REF-2342, REF-2343, REF-0706
REF-0731, REF-0732, REF-0733, REF-1935, REF-1936, REF-1937, REF-1938, REF-1939, REF-1940, REF-1941, REF-1942, REF-1943

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: has-lookalikes
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Dangerous Lookalikes

Safety note[22, 23, 24]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: atropa-belladonna
Confused Part: First-year taproots dug for use as food or 'burdock root tea'; the root of deadly nightshade closely resembles a burdock root and the two grow as weeds in the same rough ground.
Confusion Context: Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) is dug for its long first-year taproot, used as a vegetable and as 'burdock root tea.' Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) grows as a weed in the same disturbed ground and its root closely resembles a burdock root, so belladonna root can be gathered or processed in mistake for burdock. This has caused real poisonings: a JAMA case report (Bryson et al., 1978) describes atropine poisoning from a commercial burdock root tea, and belladonna-contaminated herbal teas have caused severe anticholinergic poisoning from as little as a few milligrams of atropine. Belladonna contains tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine); poisoning causes dry flushed skin, widely dilated pupils, blurred vision, fever, a racing heart, agitation, hallucinations, seizures and can be fatal, especially in children.
Distinguishing Features: Whole plant: only dig burdock when you can match the whole living plant - burdock has huge rhubarb-like heart-shaped leaves that are whitish-woolly underneath and, in its second year, the familiar hooked burrs. Deadly nightshade is a branching plant with dull green oval pointed leaves, solitary purple-brown bell-shaped flowers and shiny black cherry-sized berries., Berries (decisive if present): burdock never bears berries - it makes bristly burrs. A plant near your 'burdock' bearing shiny black berries in green star-shaped calyces is deadly nightshade - do not dig roots from that ground., Best practice: because the roots alone are hard to tell apart, do not wild-harvest burdock root unless an expert has confirmed the living plant - buy it from a reputable supplier instead.
Key Test: Identify the whole living plant before digging any root. Confirm large rhubarb-like leaves that are woolly-white underneath (and hooked burrs in the second year) for burdock. If there are shiny black berries, purple-brown bell-shaped flowers or oval pointed leaves among the plants, deadly nightshade may be present - do not dig or brew root tea from there. When in doubt, buy burdock rather than foraging the root.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Safety note[20, 21]Fatal
Dangerous Plant: aconitum-napellus
Confused Part: Young deeply lobed leaves gathered for use; young monkshood - the most poisonous plant in Europe - has similar deeply divided leaves.
Confusion Context: Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) is foraged for its aromatic, deeply lobed leaves. As Totally Wild UK warns, it would be a very deadly mistake to confuse young mugwort with monkshood (Aconitum napellus), whose young leaves are similarly deeply divided. Monkshood is considered the most poisonous plant in Europe: all parts contain aconitine, the lethal dose is only 2-6 mg, and poisoning can kill within hours through respiratory and cardiac failure - the toxin is even absorbed through the skin. Although monkshood is less common, its extreme toxicity makes this confusion critical to avoid.
Distinguishing Features: Leaf underside (decisive): mugwort leaves have a distinctive silvery-white woolly underside. Monkshood leaves are green and hairless on both sides, with no silver felt. No silver underside = not mugwort., Flowers: mugwort has small, dull reddish-brown flower spikes; monkshood has tall spikes of unmistakable hooded blue-purple flowers., Handling: do not handle a suspected monkshood with bare hands - aconitine can be absorbed through the skin.
Key Test: Turn the leaf over. A silvery-white woolly underside (with small dull flowers) = mugwort. Green, hairless undersides - and especially any hooded blue-purple flowers - mean monkshood, the most poisonous plant in Europe; do not gather or even handle it with bare hands.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note[18, 19]Caution
Drug Class: sedatives-cns-depressants
Mechanism: Mugwort is traditionally used as a calming, sedative herb; taken with sedatives, sleeping tablets or other central-nervous-system depressants (including alcohol) it may add to drowsiness and slowed reactions.
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

  1. Chan, Y.S., Cheng, L.N., Wu, J.H., Chan, E., Kwan, Y.W., Lee, S.M.Y., Leung, G.P.H., Yu, P.H.F. and Chan, S.W (2010) 'A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock)', Inflammopharmacology, 19(5), pp. 245--254. doi:10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-010-0062-4
  2. de Souza, A.R.C., de Oliveira, T.L., Fontana, P.D., Carneiro, M.C., Corazza, M.L., de Messias Reason, I.J. and Bavia, L (2022) 'Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Extracts: A Review', Chemistry and Biodiversity, 19(11). doi:10.1002/cbdv.202200615 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200615
  3. Yosri, N., Alsharif, S.M., Xiao, J., Musharraf, S.G., Zhao, C., Saeed, A., Gao, R., Said, N.S., Di Minno, A., Daglia, M., Guo, Z., Khalifa, S.A.M. and El-Seedi, H.R (2023) 'Arctium lappa (burdock): insights from ethnopharmacology potential, chemical constituents, clinical studies, pharmacological utility and nanomedicine', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 158, pp. 114104. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114104 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114104
  4. Mondal, S.C. and Eun, J.B (2022) 'Mechanistic insights on burdock (Arctium lappa L.) extract effects on diabetes mellitus', Food Science and Biotechnology, 31(8), pp. 999--1008. doi:10.1007/s10068-022-01091-2 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-022-01091-2
  5. Shyam, M. and Sabina, E.P (2024) 'Harnessing the power of Arctium lappa root: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 14(1), pp. 49. doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00466-8 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-024-00466-8
  6. Gao, Q., Yang, M. and Zuo, Z (2018) 'Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L', Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 39(5), pp. 787-801. doi:10.1038/aps.2018.32 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2018.32
  7. Jin, X., Liu, S., Chen, S., Wang, L., Cui, Y., He, J., Fang, S., Li, J. and Chang, Y (2023) 'A systematic review on botany, ethnopharmacology, quality control, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Arctium lappa L. fruit', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 308, pp. 116223. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116223 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116223
  8. Shukla, S., Kakade, M., Cherian, S., Alagarasu, K. and Parashar, D (2024) 'Arctigenin from Arctium lappa L. inhibits chikungunya virus by affecting its entry and replication', Phytomedicine, 128, pp. 155491. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155491 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155491
  9. Nascimento, B.A.C., Gardinassi, L.G., Silveira, I.M.G., Gallucci, M.G., Tome, M.A., Oliveira, J.F.D., Moreira, M.R.A., Meirelles, A.F.G., Faccioli, L.H., Tefe-Silva, C. and Zoccal, K.F (2019) 'Arctium lappa extract suppresses inflammation and inhibits melanoma progression', Medicines, 6(3), pp. 81. doi:10.3390/medicines6030081 Preclinical
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  10. Lu, N., Wei, J., Gong, X., Tang, X., Zhang, X., Xiang, W., Liu, S., Luo, C. and Wang, X (2023) 'Preventive effect of Arctium lappa polysaccharides on acute lung injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities', Nutrients, 15(23), pp. 4946. doi:10.3390/nu15234946 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234946
  11. Moro, T.M.A. and Clerici, M.T.P.S (2020) 'Burdock (Arctium lappa L) roots as a source of inulin-type fructans and other bioactive compounds: Current knowledge and future perspectives for food and non-food applications', Food Research International. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109889 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109889
  12. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2011) 'Community herbal monograph on Arctium lappa L., radix'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-arctium-lappa-l-radix_en.pdf Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-arctium-lappa-l-radix_en.pdf
  13. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org
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  15. Xu, Z., Li, Y., Jiang, D. and Deng, L (2008) 'Arctium lappa L.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology', 121(2), pp. 167--184. Traditional / reference
    https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Arctium%20lappa%20L.%3A%20A%20review%20of%20its%20traditional%20uses%2C%20phytochemistry%2C%20and%20pharmacology
  16. Romualdo, G.R., Silva, E.D.A., Da Silva, T.C., Aloia, T.P.A., Nogueira, M.S., De Castro, I.A. and others (2019) 'Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root attenuates preneoplastic lesion development in a diet and thioacetamide-induced model of steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis', Environmental Toxicology, 35(4), pp. 518--527. doi:10.1002/tox.22887 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22887
  17. Chen, Y.-F. and Liu, R.-Z. and Ying, W.-W. and Yang, Y.-N. and Xiang, S.-F. and Shao, X.-J. and Cao, J. and Zhang, Y.-Q. and Yang, B. and He, Q.-J. and Ying, M.-D (2022) 'Arctigenin impairs UBC12 enzyme activity and cullin neddylation to attenuate cancer cells', Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 44(3), pp. 661-669. doi:10.1038/s41401-022-00992-6 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-022-00992-6
  18. Shi, H. and Zhao, L. and Guo, X. and Fang, R. and Zhang, H. and Dong, G. and Fu, J. and Yan, F. and Zhang, J. and Ning, Z. and Ma, Q. and Li, Z. and Li, C. and Dai, J. and Si, C. and Xiong, H (2020) 'Arctigenin Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression through Decreasing GM-CSF/TSLP/STAT3/beta-Catenin Signaling', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), pp. 6357. doi:10.3390/ijms21176357 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176357
  19. Li, Q.-C. and Liang, Y. and Tian, Y. and Hu, G.-R (2016) 'Arctigenin induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through ROS/p38MAPK pathway', Journal of BUON, 21(1), pp. 87-94. Preclinical
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  20. Lee, K.-S. and Lee, M.-G. and Kwon, Y.-S. and Nam, K.-S (2020) 'Arctigenin Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(8), pp. 2997. doi:10.3390/ijms21082997 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082997
  21. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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  22. Bryson, P.D. and Watanabe, A.S. and Rumack, B.H. and Murphy, R.C (1978) 'Burdock root tea poisoning. Case report involving a commercial preparation', JAMA, 239(20), pp. 2157. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/642161/ Clinical study
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  23. Berdai, M.A. and Labib, S. and Chetouani, K. and Harandou, M (2012) 'Atropa belladonna intoxication: a case report', Pan African Medical Journal, 11, pp. 72. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22655106/ Clinical study
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22655106/
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.