Plant Comparison

Andrographis vs Dandelion

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
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Plant AAndrographisAndrographis paniculataAcanthaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BDandelionTaraxacum officinaleAsteraceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Andrographis and Dandelion: they share 7 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), immune support, …); 5 pharmacological actions in common.

AndrographisDandelion
Constituents34
Pharmacological actions616
Indicated uses1017
Safety notes35
Cited sources1756
Indicated uses
Only Andrographis
Cold & fluFeverSore throat
Shared (7)
Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Immune supportInfection (general)Inflammation (general)Skin irritationWounds
Only Dandelion
Loss of appetiteBloatingConstipationDetox / cleansingIndigestionLiver supportSwelling / fluid retentionUrinary supportUrinary tract infection (UTI)Cardiovascular / heart health
Pharmacological actions
Only Andrographis
Antipyretic (reduces fever)
Shared (5)
Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)AntimicrobialAntiviralImmunomodulator / immune support
Only Dandelion
AntioxidantBitter digestive tonic / stomachicCholeretic / cholagogue (bile flow)Digestive aidDiureticHepatoprotective (liver support)LaxativePrebioticLipid-loweringNeuroprotective / cognition supportAntihypertensive

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionAndrographisDandelionVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain5/101/10Stronger for Andrographis
Cancer (anticancer research)2/102/10Comparable evidence
Immune support5/102/10Stronger for Andrographis
Infection (general)8/101/10Stronger for Andrographis
Inflammation (general)5/101/10Stronger for Andrographis
Skin irritation5/101/10Stronger for Andrographis
Wounds5/101/10Stronger for Andrographis

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Diterpenoid lactones[2, 3, 10, 11]

Andrographolide is the principal active compound; also neoandrographolide and deoxyandrographolide.

Flavonoids[11]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents.

Flavonoids
Polyphenols and other phenolics[11]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Phenolic compounds
Sesquiterpene lactones[20, 50, 51]

Bitter principles (e.g. taraxacin) responsible for the characteristic bitterness and bitter-tonic action.

Sesquiterpene lactonesSesquiterpenes
Triterpenes and plant sterols[50, 52]

Including taraxasterol; contribute to anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective signals.

Terpenes / terpenoidsPhytosterols
Phenolic acids and flavonoids[17, 21, 22, 52, 53]

Antioxidant constituents (e.g. chicoric acid, luteolin derivatives).

Phenolic acidsFlavonoidsLuteolin
Inulin[50, 53]

Fructan storage carbohydrate; prebiotic fibre concentrated in the autumn root.

PolysaccharidesInulin

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[2, 7, 9, 10, 11]
Anticancer (preclinical)[14, 15, 16]

Andrographolide, the principal diterpene lactone of Andrographis paniculata, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis across breast, lung, colon, cervical, hepatic and haematological cancers via NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt inhibition (preclinical).

Antimicrobial[1, 6, 8, 10, 11]

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Antipyretic (reduces fever)[11, 17]

Antipyretic (fever)

Antiviral[1, 5, 8, 10, 11]

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Immunomodulator / immune support[10, 11]

Immunostimulant / immune support

Anti-inflammatory[14, 15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 30, 43, 44, 50, 52]
Parts: Whole plant
Anticancer (preclinical)[18, 23, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]
Antimicrobial[32, 52]
Parts: Whole plant
Antioxidant[16, 21, 23, 28, 31, 52, 53]
Parts: Whole plant
Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic[50, 54]
Parts: Leaf
Choleretic / cholagogue (bile flow)[50, 51]

Choleretic (stimulates bile flow)

Parts: Leaf, Root
Digestive aid[50, 54]
Parts: Leaf
Diuretic[47, 50, 51, 55]

Diuretic (potassium-sparing)

Parts: Leaf
Hepatoprotective (liver support)[15, 25, 29, 42, 50, 51, 53]

Hepatic (liver) support

Parts: Root
Laxative[50, 54]
Parts: Root
Prebiotic[50, 53]

Prebiotic (inulin-rich, especially autumn root)

Parts: Root
Lipid-lowering[31, 34]
Antiviral[42]
Immunomodulator / immune support[43, 45]
Neuroprotective / cognition support[44]
Antihypertensive[46]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain[10, 11]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Cancer (anticancer research)[14, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) acts as a chemopreventive and antitumour agent against breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, prostate and hepatocellular cancers and leukaemia, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting NF-kappaB and PI3K/AKT signalling (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Cold & flu[10, 12, 17]Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8
Label: Cold & flu
Fever[11, 17]Traditional · 2/10

Antipyretic (fever)

Evidence: 2
Label: Fever
Immune support[10, 11]Moderate · 5/10

Immunostimulant / immune support

Evidence: 5
Label: Immune support
Infection (general)[10, 12, 17]Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[10, 11]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[10, 11]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[12, 17]Good · 7/10
Evidence: 7
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[10, 11]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5
Label: Wounds
Loss of appetite[50, 54]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Loss of appetite
Arthritis / joint pain[50, 52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[50, 54]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 1
Label: Bloating
Cancer (anticancer research)[18, 23, 27, 35]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Constipation[50, 54]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from laxative action

Evidence: 1
Label: Constipation
Detox / cleansing[50, 51, 53]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from hepatoprotective action

Evidence: 1
Label: Detox / cleansing
Indigestion[50, 54]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Indigestion
Infection (general)[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Infection (general)
Inflammation (general)[50, 52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Inflammation (general)
Liver support[50, 51]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from choleretic action

Evidence: 1
Label: Liver support
Skin irritation[50, 52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Swelling / fluid retention[50, 51, 55]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Swelling / fluid retention
Urinary support[50, 51, 55]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary support
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[50, 51, 55]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from diuretic action

Evidence: 5
Label: Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Wounds[52]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 1
Label: Wounds
Cardiovascular / heart health[31, 46]Traditional · 2/10

Dandelion root and leaf lowered serum lipids and oxidative stress (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Immune support[43, 45]Traditional · 2/10

Taraxasterol modulated the inflammatory/immune response in endotoxic shock (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Immune support

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[10, 17]Caution

Avoid in pregnancy and when trying to conceive: high doses have shown reproductive toxicity in animals and the herb has a traditional reputation as an abortifacient.

Safety note[10]Caution

High doses have caused nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in studies; use standardized products at recommended doses and avoid prolonged high-dose use.

Safety note[10, 17]Caution

May lower blood pressure and blood sugar and may interact with anticoagulant/antiplatelet, antihypertensive and immunosuppressant medicines; allergic reactions can occur.

Safety note[54, 56]Info

Allergy risk in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae (daisy family) plants such as ragweed and chamomile.

Safety note[54]Caution

Avoid medicinal use in anyone with a blocked bile duct or gallstones; use caution with gallbladder or serious liver disease.

Safety note[54, 56]Caution

May potentiate prescription diuretics; possible interactions with lithium and drugs metabolised by the liver.

Safety note[51, 54]Info

Can accumulate soil pollutants and heavy metals; harvest from clean, unpolluted sites.

Safety note[54]Caution

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding should be guided by a qualified practitioner. Herbal use should support, not replace, conventional medical care.

External Ids

Gbif: 3173178
Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:45226-1
Wikidata: Q1551608
Gbif: 5394163
Wikidata: Q131219

Botanical Description

Erect, branching annual herb with a slender, quadrangular (square-sectioned), dark green stem. The leaves are opposite, lance-shaped and glabrous, with a short stalk. Small, two-lipped, white flowers with purple-pink markings are borne in loose, spreading axillary and terminal racemes. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, is intensely and characteristically bitter.[11]

Height: 30-110 cm
Habit: Erect, branching annual herb
Leaves: Opposite, lance-shaped, glabrous, short-stalked
Flowers: Small, two-lipped, white flowers marked with purple-pink, in loose spreading racemes
Stem: Slender, quadrangular (square in cross-section), dark green, branching
Root: Shallow, fibrous root system
Fruit: Small, elastically dehiscent capsule
Flowering Period: September-December (varies by climate)

Perennial herb (Asteraceae) with a deep taproot, forming a basal rosette of deeply toothed, lance-shaped leaves - the name 'dandelion' comes from the French 'dent-de-lion', lion's tooth. Hollow flowering stalks each bear a single, bright yellow composite flower head made entirely of ray florets, followed by the familiar spherical 'clock' of parachute-tufted seeds (achenes) that disperse on the wind.[50]

Height: Low rosette; flowering stalks 5-40 cm
Habit: Deep-taprooted perennial rosette herb
Leaves: Deeply toothed, lance-shaped, in a basal rosette
Flowers: Single, bright yellow composite head of ray florets, on a hollow stalk
Stem: Hollow flowering stalk (scape), leafless
Root: Deep taproot
Fruit: Small achenes with a parachute-like pappus (the "clock")
Flowering Period: Can flower almost year-round, peaking March-October

Habitat

Native to India and Sri Lanka and widely distributed through South and Southeast Asia, growing wild in plains, hillsides, roadsides and cultivated fields; also grown commercially as a medicinal crop.[11]

Native to Europe and Asia, now a cosmopolitan weed found on every continent except Antarctica; grows in lawns, meadows, roadsides, waste ground and disturbed soil of almost any type.[50]

Harvesting

The aerial parts (leaves and tender stems) are cut just before or at the onset of flowering, when andrographolide content is typically highest, and dried in shade to preserve the bitter diterpenoid lactones.[11]

Parts: Aerial parts (leaves and herb)
Season: Before to early flowering

Leaves are picked young in spring for the mildest flavour; the root is dug in autumn (traditionally after the first frost), when its inulin and bitter-principle content is considered optimal; flowers are picked as they open.[50, 53]

Parts: Leaf, Root, Flower
Season: Leaf in spring; root in autumn; flower as it opens

Traditional Uses

Andrographis, the 'king of bitters', is a cornerstone bitter tonic of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine (Chuan xin lian), used for fevers, colds, sore throat, infections and liver complaints. This traditional reputation for treating the common cold and upper respiratory infections is now supported by clinical trials of standardised extracts.[10, 12]

Dandelion is one of the most widely used bitter tonic herbs worldwide, traditionally taken as a digestive bitter and mild diuretic - the French name 'pissenlit' (wet-the-bed) reflects this - and the root specifically as a liver and gallbladder tonic. Every part is also used as food: spring greens, roasted-root coffee substitute, and flower wine.[50]

Preparations

Infusion/decoction[11]

Dried aerial parts infused or lightly decocted in hot water as a very bitter traditional fever and cold remedy.

Standardised extract[10, 12]

Extract standardised to andrographolide content, taken as tablets or capsules; the form used in most clinical trials for cold/URTI symptom relief.

Leaf infusion/salad (fresh or dried)[50]

Fresh young leaves eaten as a bitter salad green, or dried leaf infused as tea - the traditional digestive/diuretic preparation.

Root decoction[50]

Dried root simmered in water - the traditional liver-tonic preparation.

Dosage

Standardised extract[10, 12]

Clinical trials for upper respiratory infection commonly use extracts standardised to around 60-120 mg andrographolide daily, in divided doses, for up to 5-7 days. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Dried herb[13]

The WHO monograph on Herba Andrographidis gives, by indication - for the common cold, 1.5-3.0 g of the powdered crude drug three times daily, after meals and at bedtime; for pyrexia, a decoction from 3 g of the crude drug twice daily; for diarrhoea, a decoction from 3-9 g as a single dose as needed, or two 500 mg tablets four times daily. Note that the EMA HMPC assessed this herb and issued a public statement rather than a monograph, so there is no EU posology. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Leaf/root infusion or decoction[50, 54]

Traditional guidance suggests roughly 4-10 g dried leaf, or 2-8 g dried root, per day as an infusion or decoction, divided into 2-3 doses. Educational reference only, not a prescription; avoid in bile-duct obstruction or gallstones, and harvest away from polluted ground.

References

REF-1615, REF-1616, REF-1617, REF-1618, REF-1619, REF-1620, REF-1621, REF-1622, REF-1623
REF-0248, REF-0320, REF-0322, REF-0323, REF-0324, REF-0325, REF-0327, REF-0330, REF-0331, REF-0334, REF-0335, REF-0336, REF-0337, REF-2387, REF-2388, REF-2389, REF-2390, REF-2391, REF-2392, REF-2393, REF-2394, REF-2395, REF-2396, REF-2945, REF-2946, REF-2947, REF-2948, REF-2949, REF-2950, REF-2951, REF-2952, REF-2953, REF-2954, REF-2955, REF-2956, REF-2957, REF-2958, REF-2959, REF-2960, REF-2961, REF-2962, REF-2963, REF-2964, REF-2965, REF-2966, REF-2967, REF-2968, REF-0070, REF-0264

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Okonogi, R. and others (2023) 'Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata spray in acute pharyngitis: A randomized controlled trial', Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 17(5), pp. 315-321. doi:10.5582/ddt.2023.01053 Randomized trial
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  2. Hossain, S., Urbi, Z., Karuniawati, H., Mohiuddin, R.B. and others (2018) 'Overview of pharmacological activities of Andrographis paniculata and its major compound andrographolide', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(10), pp. 1635-1652. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657 Meta-analysis / review
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  3. Worakunphanich, W. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata Formulations: Impact on Diterpene Lactone Oral Bioavailability', European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 46(5), pp. 565-581. doi:10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7 Meta-analysis / review
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  4. Worakunphanich, W., Thavorncharoensap, M., Youngkong, S., Thakkinstian, A. and Chaikledkaew, U (2021) 'Safety of Andrographis paniculata: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 30(6), pp. 727-739. doi:10.1002/pds.5190 Meta-analysis / review
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  5. Kumar, S., Singh, B. and Bajpai, V (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its major constituent andrographolide as potential antiviral agents', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 274, pp. 113954. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954 Meta-analysis / review
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  6. Barbosa, F.L. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An Updated Review of Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial Pharmacology, and Clinical Safety and Efficacy', Life, 11(4), pp. 348. doi:10.3390/life11040348 Meta-analysis / review
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  7. Singh, P. and others (2022) 'Andrographis paniculata mitigates first-line anti-tubercular drugs-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats', Biomarkers, 27(4), pp. 385-394. doi:10.1080/1354750X.2022.2043444 Preclinical
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  8. Coon, J.T. and Ernst, E (2004) 'Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 29(1), pp. 37-45. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00534.x Meta-analysis / review
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  9. Rondee, N. and others (2023) 'The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases', Nutrients, 15(15), pp. 3428. doi:10.3390/nu15153428 Meta-analysis / review
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  10. Zeng, B., Wei, A., Zhou, Q., Yuan, M., Lei, K., Liu, Y., Song, J., Guo, L. and Ye, Q (2021) 'Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.7324 Randomized trial
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  11. Gonde, D.P., Bhole, B.K. and Kakad, K.S (2023) 'Andrographolide, diterpenoid constituent of Andrographis paniculata: Review on botany, phytochemistry, molecular docking analysis, and pharmacology', Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001 Preclinical
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  12. Hu, X.Y., Wu, R.H., Logue, M., Blondel, C., Lai, L.Y.W., Stuart, B., Flower, A., Fei, Y.T., Moore, M., Shepherd, J., Liu, J.P. and Lewith, G (2017) 'Andrographis paniculata (Chuan Xin Lian) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181780 Meta-analysis / review
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  13. World Health Organization (2002) 'Herba Andrographidis'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
    https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37
  14. Tundis, R. and Patra, J.K. and Bonesi, M. and Das, S. and Nath, R. and Das Talukdar, A. and Das, G. and Loizzo, M.R (2023) 'Anti-Cancer Agent: The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide', Plants, 12(10), pp. 1969. doi:10.3390/plants12101969 Preclinical
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  17. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (n.d.) 'Andrographis (About Herbs)'. Available at: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/andrographis Traditional / reference
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  1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
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    https://bsbi.org/identification/taraxacum
  3. Farm and Dairy (2021) 'How to harvest and use dandelion roots, leaves and flowers'. Available at: https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/top-stories/how-to-harvest-and-use-dandelion-roots-leaves-and-flowers/656605.html Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.