Plant Comparison

Andrographis vs Holy Basil

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant

Second plant

Plant AAndrographisAndrographis paniculataAcanthaceaeFull monograph →

Plant BHoly BasilOcimum tenuiflorumLamiaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Andrographis and Holy Basil: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cold & flu, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

AndrographisHoly Basil

Constituents32

Pharmacological actions66

Indicated uses1012

Safety notes32

Cited sources1716

Indicated uses

Only Andrographis

FeverInfection (general)Sore throatWounds

Shared (6)

Arthritis / joint painCancer (anticancer research)Cold & fluImmune supportInflammation (general)Skin irritation

Only Holy Basil

AnxietyBlood sugar / diabetes supportCognitive functionFatigue / low energyMemoryStress

Pharmacological actions

Only Andrographis

AntimicrobialAntipyretic (reduces fever)Antiviral

Shared (3)

Anti-inflammatoryAnticancer (preclinical)Immunomodulator / immune support

Only Holy Basil

AdaptogenAntioxidantNeuroprotective / cognition support

Evidence face-off — shared uses

Condition	Andrographis	Holy Basil	Verdict
Arthritis / joint pain	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Cancer (anticancer research)	2/10	8/10	Stronger for Holy Basil
Cold & flu	8/10	7/10	Comparable evidence
Immune support	5/10	7/10	Stronger for Holy Basil
Inflammation (general)	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis
Skin irritation	5/10	1/10	Stronger for Andrographis

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Diterpenoid lactones^{[2, 3, 10, 11]}

Andrographolide is the principal active compound; also neoandrographolide and deoxyandrographolide.

Flavonoids^[11]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents.

Flavonoids

Polyphenols and other phenolics^[11]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Phenolic compounds

Volatile oil rich in eugenol^[11]

The principal aromatic constituent, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.

Essential (volatile) oilEugenol

Ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin and luteolin^[11]

Antioxidant and adaptogenic constituents.

Rosmarinic acidApigeninLuteolin

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory^{[2, 7, 9, 10, 11]}

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[14, 15, 16]}

Andrographolide, the principal diterpene lactone of Andrographis paniculata, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis across breast, lung, colon, cervical, hepatic and haematological cancers via NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt inhibition (preclinical).

Antimicrobial^{[1, 6, 8, 10, 11]}

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Antipyretic (reduces fever)^{[11, 17]}

Antipyretic (fever)

Antiviral^{[1, 5, 8, 10, 11]}

Antimicrobial and antiviral

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[10, 11]}

Immunostimulant / immune support

Adaptogen^{[1, 3, 12]}

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Anti-inflammatory^{[3, 5, 11]}

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Anticancer (preclinical)^{[2, 4, 10, 11]}

Antioxidant^{[3, 4, 5, 8, 11]}

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

Immunomodulator / immune support^{[3, 5, 9, 11, 12]}

Immunomodulatory / immune support

Neuroprotective / cognition support^[14]

Cognitive support - a placebo-controlled study in healthy adults found improved reaction time and accuracy and shorter P300 latency

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Arthritis / joint pain^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[14, 15, 16]}Traditional · 2/10

Andrographolide (from Andrographis paniculata) acts as a chemopreventive and antitumour agent against breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, prostate and hepatocellular cancers and leukaemia, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting NF-kappaB and PI3K/AKT signalling (preclinical).

Evidence: 2

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cold & flu^{[10, 12, 17]}Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8

Label: Cold & flu

Fever^{[11, 17]}Traditional · 2/10

Antipyretic (fever)

Evidence: 2

Label: Fever

Immune support^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

Immunostimulant / immune support

Evidence: 5

Label: Immune support

Infection (general)^{[10, 12, 17]}Good · 8/10

Symptomatic relief of the common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection (reduces symptom severity and duration)

Evidence: 8

Label: Infection (general)

Inflammation (general)^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Inflammation (general)

Skin irritation^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5

Label: Skin irritation

Sore throat^{[12, 17]}Good · 7/10

Evidence: 7

Label: Sore throat

Wounds^{[10, 11]}Moderate · 5/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

Evidence: 5

Label: Wounds

Anxiety^{[1, 12]}Good · 8/10

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Evidence: 8

Label: Anxiety

Arthritis / joint pain^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Arthritis / joint pain

Blood sugar / diabetes support^{[4, 12]}Good · 7/10

Supports blood-sugar control (lowers fasting and post-meal glucose)

Evidence: 7

Label: Blood sugar / diabetes support

Cancer (anticancer research)^{[2, 4, 10, 11]}Good · 8/10

inferred from anticancer action

Evidence: 8

Label: Cancer (anticancer research)

Cognitive function^[14]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Cognitive function

Cold & flu^{[11, 12]}Good · 7/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

Evidence: 7

Label: Cold & flu

Fatigue / low energy^[12]Good · 7/10

inferred from adaptogen action

Evidence: 7

Label: Fatigue / low energy

Immune support^{[11, 12]}Good · 7/10

Immunomodulatory / immune support

Evidence: 7

Label: Immune support

Inflammation (general)^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Inflammation (general)

Memory^[14]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from neuroprotective action

Evidence: 5

Label: Memory

Skin irritation^[11]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 1

Label: Skin irritation

Stress^{[1, 12]}Good · 8/10

Adaptogen for stress and anxiety (improves stress scores and well-being in trials)

Evidence: 8

Label: Stress

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note^{[10, 17]}Caution

Avoid in pregnancy and when trying to conceive: high doses have shown reproductive toxicity in animals and the herb has a traditional reputation as an abortifacient.

Safety note^[10]Caution

High doses have caused nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in studies; use standardized products at recommended doses and avoid prolonged high-dose use.

Safety note^{[10, 17]}Caution

May lower blood pressure and blood sugar and may interact with anticoagulant/antiplatelet, antihypertensive and immunosuppressant medicines; allergic reactions can occur.

Safety note^[12]Caution

Generally well tolerated; mild nausea has been reported. Its blood-sugar-lowering effect means caution alongside antidiabetic medicines.

Safety note^{[11, 12]}Caution

Animal studies suggest mild anti-fertility and antiplatelet effects, so avoid medicinal doses when pregnant or trying to conceive, and before surgery.

External Ids

Gbif: 3173178

Powo: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:45226-1

Wikidata: Q1551608

Gbif: 2927100

Wikidata: Q960124

Botanical Description

Erect, branching annual herb with a slender, quadrangular (square-sectioned), dark green stem. The leaves are opposite, lance-shaped and glabrous, with a short stalk. Small, two-lipped, white flowers with purple-pink markings are borne in loose, spreading axillary and terminal racemes. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, is intensely and characteristically bitter.^[11]

Height: 30-110 cm

Habit: Erect, branching annual herb

Leaves: Opposite, lance-shaped, glabrous, short-stalked

Flowers: Small, two-lipped, white flowers marked with purple-pink, in loose spreading racemes

Stem: Slender, quadrangular (square in cross-section), dark green, branching

Root: Shallow, fibrous root system

Fruit: Small, elastically dehiscent capsule

Flowering Period: September-December (varies by climate)

Aromatic annual or short-lived perennial subshrub (Lamiaceae), 30-75 cm tall, with erect, much-branched, hairy stems often tinged purple. Leaves are opposite, ovate-oblong with a toothed margin, and release a strong, clove-like (eugenol) scent when crushed. Small purplish-pink, two-lipped flowers are borne in elongated terminal racemes. The plant is held sacred in Hindu tradition (Tulsi).^[11]

Height: 30-75 cm

Habit: Erect, much-branched, aromatic subshrub

Leaves: Opposite, ovate-oblong, toothed, clove-scented when crushed

Flowers: Small, purplish-pink, two-lipped, in elongated terminal racemes

Stem: Erect, much-branched, hairy, often purple-tinged

Root: Fibrous root system

Fruit: Four small nutlets (typical Lamiaceae schizocarp)

Flowering Period: Most of the year in tropical climates

Habitat

Native to India and Sri Lanka and widely distributed through South and Southeast Asia, growing wild in plains, hillsides, roadsides and cultivated fields; also grown commercially as a medicinal crop.^[11]

Native to the Indian subcontinent and tropical Asia, now cultivated and naturalised throughout the tropics and subtropics worldwide; commonly grown in home gardens and temple courtyards as well as cultivated as a medicinal and aromatic crop.^[12]

Harvesting

The aerial parts (leaves and tender stems) are cut just before or at the onset of flowering, when andrographolide content is typically highest, and dried in shade to preserve the bitter diterpenoid lactones.^[11]

Parts: Aerial parts (leaves and herb)

Season: Before to early flowering

Leaves are harvested year-round from actively growing plants, ideally picked once morning dew has dried; whole flowering tops are also gathered.

Parts: Leaf, Flowering tops

Season: Year-round in warm climates

Traditional Uses

Andrographis, the 'king of bitters', is a cornerstone bitter tonic of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine (Chuan xin lian), used for fevers, colds, sore throat, infections and liver complaints. This traditional reputation for treating the common cold and upper respiratory infections is now supported by clinical trials of standardised extracts.^{[10, 12]}

Tulsi is one of the most revered plants in Ayurvedic medicine, traditionally used as an adaptogen for stress, a remedy for respiratory complaints (colds, cough, asthma), and a general immune tonic. Modern clinical trials support adaptogenic/anti-stress, blood-sugar-lowering and immunomodulatory effects consistent with these traditional uses.^{[3, 12]}

Preparations

Infusion/decoction^[11]

Dried aerial parts infused or lightly decocted in hot water as a very bitter traditional fever and cold remedy.

Standardised extract^{[10, 12]}

Extract standardised to andrographolide content, taken as tablets or capsules; the form used in most clinical trials for cold/URTI symptom relief.

Infusion (tea)^[3]

Dried or fresh leaf steeped in hot water, alone or blended with other herbs/spices.

Standardised extract capsule^{[1, 12]}

Encapsulated dry-leaf extract, the form used in most clinical trials for stress, mood and sleep.

Dosage

Standardised extract^{[10, 12]}

Clinical trials for upper respiratory infection commonly use extracts standardised to around 60-120 mg andrographolide daily, in divided doses, for up to 5-7 days. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Dried herb^[13]

The WHO monograph on Herba Andrographidis gives, by indication - for the common cold, 1.5-3.0 g of the powdered crude drug three times daily, after meals and at bedtime; for pyrexia, a decoction from 3 g of the crude drug twice daily; for diarrhoea, a decoction from 3-9 g as a single dose as needed, or two 500 mg tablets four times daily. Note that the EMA HMPC assessed this herb and issued a public statement rather than a monograph, so there is no EU posology. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Standardised extract^{[1, 12]}

Clinical trials for stress and mood have used standardised dry-extract capsules taken over several weeks; dosing varies by product concentration, so follow the manufacturer's guidance. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Infusion (tea)^[13]

The WHO monograph on Folium Ocimi Sancti gives a daily dosage of 6-12 g of the crude drug as a decoction. This is a whole-day total for the fresh or dried leaf, notably higher than the 1-2 g per cup often quoted in popular sources. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

References

REF-1615, REF-1616, REF-1617, REF-1618, REF-1619, REF-1620, REF-1621, REF-1622, REF-1623

REF-1427, REF-1428, REF-1429, REF-1430, REF-1431, REF-1432, REF-1433, REF-1434, REF-1435, REF-1436

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Outcome: none-known

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

Drug Class Interactions

Not documented

Safety note^{[15, 16]}Caution

Drug Class: antidiabetics

Mechanism: Holy basil (tulsi) can lower fasting and after-meal blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes; combined with diabetes medicines it may add to blood-sugar lowering, so monitor blood sugar.

Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)

Reviewed Date: 2026-07-03

References & Sources

Okonogi, R. and others (2023) 'Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata spray in acute pharyngitis: A randomized controlled trial', Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 17(5), pp. 315-321. doi:10.5582/ddt.2023.01053 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2023.01053
Hossain, S., Urbi, Z., Karuniawati, H., Mohiuddin, R.B. and others (2018) 'Overview of pharmacological activities of Andrographis paniculata and its major compound andrographolide', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(10), pp. 1635-1652. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657
Worakunphanich, W. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata Formulations: Impact on Diterpene Lactone Oral Bioavailability', European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 46(5), pp. 565-581. doi:10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13318-021-00736-7
Worakunphanich, W., Thavorncharoensap, M., Youngkong, S., Thakkinstian, A. and Chaikledkaew, U (2021) 'Safety of Andrographis paniculata: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 30(6), pp. 727-739. doi:10.1002/pds.5190 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5190
Kumar, S., Singh, B. and Bajpai, V (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its major constituent andrographolide as potential antiviral agents', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 274, pp. 113954. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954
Barbosa, F.L. and others (2021) 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: An Updated Review of Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial Pharmacology, and Clinical Safety and Efficacy', Life, 11(4), pp. 348. doi:10.3390/life11040348 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11040348
Singh, P. and others (2022) 'Andrographis paniculata mitigates first-line anti-tubercular drugs-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats', Biomarkers, 27(4), pp. 385-394. doi:10.1080/1354750X.2022.2043444 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2022.2043444
Coon, J.T. and Ernst, E (2004) 'Andrographis paniculata in the symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection: systematic review of randomized controlled trials', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 29(1), pp. 37-45. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00534.x Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00534.x
Rondee, N. and others (2023) 'The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases', Nutrients, 15(15), pp. 3428. doi:10.3390/nu15153428 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153428
Zeng, B., Wei, A., Zhou, Q., Yuan, M., Lei, K., Liu, Y., Song, J., Guo, L. and Ye, Q (2021) 'Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches', Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.7324 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7324
Gonde, D.P., Bhole, B.K. and Kakad, K.S (2023) 'Andrographolide, diterpenoid constituent of Andrographis paniculata: Review on botany, phytochemistry, molecular docking analysis, and pharmacology', Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2023.10.001
Hu, X.Y., Wu, R.H., Logue, M., Blondel, C., Lai, L.Y.W., Stuart, B., Flower, A., Fei, Y.T., Moore, M., Shepherd, J., Liu, J.P. and Lewith, G (2017) 'Andrographis paniculata (Chuan Xin Lian) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis', PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181780 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181780
World Health Organization (2002) 'Herba Andrographidis'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37
Tundis, R. and Patra, J.K. and Bonesi, M. and Das, S. and Nath, R. and Das Talukdar, A. and Das, G. and Loizzo, M.R (2023) 'Anti-Cancer Agent: The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide', Plants, 12(10), pp. 1969. doi:10.3390/plants12101969 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101969
Mishra, S.K. and Tripathi, S. and Shukla, A. and Oh, S.H. and Kim, H.M (2015) 'Andrographolide and analogues in cancer prevention', Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition), 7(2), pp. 255-266. doi:10.2741/E732 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.2741/E732
Paul, S. and Roy, D. and Pati, S. and Sa, G (2021) 'The Adroitness of Andrographolide as a Natural Weapon Against Colorectal Cancer', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, pp. 731492. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.731492 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.731492
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (n.d.) 'Andrographis (About Herbs)'. Available at: https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/andrographis Traditional / reference
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/andrographis

Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., Metse, A.P. and Drummond, P.D (2022) 'A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of an Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) extract (Holixer) on stress, mood, and sleep in adults experiencing stress', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, pp. 965130. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.965130 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.965130
Baliga, M.S., Jimmy, R., Thilakchand, K.R., Sunitha, V. and others (2013) 'Ocimum sanctum L (Holy Basil or Tulsi) and its phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer', Nutrition and Cancer, 65(Suppl 1), pp. 26-35. doi:10.1080/01635581.2013.785010 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.785010
Cohen, M.M (2014) 'Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons', Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 5(4), pp. 251-259. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.146554 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.146554
Arya, R., Faruquee, H.M., Shakya, H., Rahman, S.A. and others (2024) 'Harnessing the Antibacterial, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Carcinogenic Properties of Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn (Tulsi)', Plants, 13(24), pp. 3516. doi:10.3390/plants13243516 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243516
Prakash, P. and Gupta, N (2005) 'Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review', Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49(2), pp. 125-131. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Therapeutic%20uses%20of%20Ocimum%20sanctum%20Linn%20%28Tulsi%29%20with%20a%20note%20on%20eugenol%20and%20its%20pharmacological%20actions%3A%20a%20short%20review
Jayapal, V., Vidya Raj, C.K., Muthaiah, M., Chadha, V.K. and others (2021) 'In-vitro anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi/Basil) leaves', Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 68(4), pp. 470-473. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.02.009 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.02.009
Baliga, M.S., Rao, S., Rai, M.P. and D'souza, P (2016) 'Radio protective effects of the Ayurvedic medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Holy Basil): A memoir', Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 12(1), pp. 20-27. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.151422 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.151422
Kamel, F.O., Karim, S., Bafail, D.A.O., Aldawsari, H.M. and others (2023) 'Hepatoprotective effects of bioactive compounds from traditional herb Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats', Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, pp. 1213052. doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1213052 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1213052
Yadav, I., Kumar, R., Fatima, Z. and Rema, V (2024) 'Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) as a Potential Immunomodulator for the Treatment of Ischemic Injury in the Brain', Current Molecular Medicine, 24(1), pp. 60-73. doi:10.2174/1566524023666221212155340 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524023666221212155340
Kumar, P. and Patel, D (2023) 'Ocimum Sanctum: An All-Round Treatment for Cancer?', Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 29(4), pp. 253-257. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ocimum%20Sanctum%3A%20An%20All-Round%20Treatment%20for%20Cancer%3F
Bhattacharyya, P. and Bishayee, A (2013) 'Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi): an ethnomedicinal plant for the prevention and treatment of cancer', Anti-Cancer Drugs. doi:10.1097/CAD.0b013e328361aca1 Traditional / reference
https://doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0b013e328361aca1
Jamshidi, N. and Cohen, M.M (2017) 'The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. doi:10.1155/2017/9217567 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9217567
World Health Organization (2002) 'Folium Ocimi Sancti'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37
Sampath, S., Mahapatra, S.C., Padhi, M.M., Sharma, R. and Talwar, A (2015) 'Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) leaf extract enhances specific cognitive parameters in healthy adult volunteers: A placebo controlled study', Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 59(1), pp. 69--77. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Holy%20basil%20%28Ocimum%20sanctum%20Linn.%29%20leaf%20extract%20enhances%20specific%20cognitive%20parameters%20in%20healthy%20adult%20volunteers%3A%20A%20placebo%20controlled%20study
Jamshidi, N. and Cohen, M.M (2017) 'The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, pp. 9217567. doi:10.1155/2017/9217567 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9217567
Agrawal, P., Rai, V. and Singh, R.B (1996) 'Randomized placebo-controlled, single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34(9), pp. 406-409. Randomized trial
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Randomized%20placebo-controlled%2C%20single%20blind%20trial%20of%20holy%20basil%20leaves%20in%20patients%20with%20noninsulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus

Andrographis monograph Holy Basil monograph Compare other plants

Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.