Plant Comparison
Garlic vs Stinging Nettle
A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.
At a glance
Garlic and Stinging Nettle: they share 6 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, cancer (anticancer research), cold & flu, …); 4 pharmacological actions in common.
Evidence face-off — shared uses
| Condition | Garlic | Stinging Nettle | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis / joint pain | 9/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Garlic |
| Cancer (anticancer research) | 5/10 | 7/10 | Stronger for Stinging Nettle |
| Cold & flu | 9/10 | 1/10 | Stronger for Garlic |
| Immune support | 9/10 | 1/10 | Stronger for Garlic |
| Inflammation (general) | 9/10 | 1/10 | Stronger for Garlic |
| Skin irritation | 9/10 | 1/10 | Stronger for Garlic |
Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.
Key Constituents
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), formed enzymatically when raw garlic is crushed, together with ajoene and the aged-garlic compound S-allyl-cysteine, are the principal bioactives behind garlic's antimicrobial and cardiovascular effects — acting partly by raising nitric oxide and by targeting microbial thiol-containing enzymes.
Contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
Thought to underlie the root's traditional use for BPH-related urinary symptoms.
The irritant compounds responsible for the fresh plant's sting; destroyed by cooking, drying or freeze-drying.
Pharmacological Actions
Garlic organosulfur compounds (allicin, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, S-allylcysteine) induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest and inhibit proliferation, invasion and metastasis across leukaemia, breast, colon and other cancers (preclinical); a randomized trial found garlic supplementation reduced gastric-cancer mortality.
Traditional & Indicated Uses
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antidiabetic action
Garlic and its organosulfur compounds show broad preclinical anticancer/chemopreventive activity (apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, anti-invasion); in the randomized Shandong Intervention Trial, 7 years of garlic supplementation significantly reduced gastric-cancer mortality over 22-year follow-up (preclinical + RCT).
inferred from immunomodulator action
inferred from antifungal action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from antidiabetic action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-rheumatic action
inferred from anticancer action
inferred from immunomodulator action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from anti-inflammatory action
inferred from diuretic action
Safety, Cautions & Contraindications
Garlic is generally very safe at culinary and supplemental doses for most healthy adults. Raw garlic contains allicin (formed when crushed) at concentrations that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract — nausea, heartburn, flatulence, and diarrhoea are the most common side effects, especially with large amounts of raw garlic on an empty stomach. Garlic may inhibit platelet aggregation and enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin — use caution with blood-thinning medications, especially before surgery (stop 7–10 days prior). May lower blood pressure and blood sugar — caution when combined with antihypertensive or antidiabetic medications. Topical raw garlic can cause chemical burns (contact dermatitis) and should not be applied undiluted to skin for prolonged periods. Odour (from allicin metabolites) affects breath and perspiration. Pregnancy: culinary amounts safe; avoid medicinal-dose supplements due to blood-thinning risk (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2021).
Duke (2002) rates garlic as +++ with exceptional clinical evidence (score 3) for antiseptic activity, and score 2 for anti-aggregant (antiplatelet), antiatherosclerotic, antiatherogenic, antibacterial, and antimycotic effects — among the most clinically validated herbal medicines. Commission E approves garlic for arteriosclerosis prevention and elevated blood lipids. Dose: 4 g (1 clove) fresh garlic daily, or 300 mg standardized dry powder extract (1.3% allicin) three times daily. Important interaction: garlic significantly potentiates anticoagulant medications (warfarin, aspirin) due to its anti-aggregant effects; use with caution in patients on blood thinners (Duke, 2002).
Fresh plant causes stinging skin reaction (formic acid, histamine). Once cooked, dried, or freeze-dried, this is eliminated. Root tincture may interact with diuretics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetic drugs. Generally very safe in culinary and standard medicinal use. Avoid very high doses in pregnancy.
Duke (2002) rates stinging nettle as +++ and provides clinical evidence (score 2) for antiprostatitic activity (BPH — benign prostatic hyperplasia), consistent with Commission E approval for irritative urination symptoms associated with BPH. Dose: 4–6 g dried herb daily or 600–1200 mg root extract. The root preparations are used for BPH while leaf preparations are used for antiallergic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Duke also notes experimental antiarthritic and analgesic activity. Generally safe; the most common adverse effect is mild gastrointestinal upset (Duke, 2002).
External Ids
Botanical Description
Bulbous perennial herb usually grown as an annual, forming an underground compound bulb ('head') of several angular cloves wrapped in papery white to purplish skin. The leaves are flat, narrow and strap-shaped, greyish-green, arising from the bulb. A tall, leafless flowering stem (scape) may rise from the bulb bearing a rounded umbel of small pink-white flowers, often mixed with small bulbils, though cultivated garlic rarely sets true seed.[1]
Tall, upright perennial herb with square stems and opposite, deeply toothed, heart-shaped to lance-shaped leaves covered in fine stinging hairs that inject formic acid and histamine on contact. Tiny, greenish, petal-less flowers hang in branched, drooping clusters from the leaf axils.[11]
Habitat
Believed to originate in Central Asia; cultivated worldwide in temperate and subtropical climates as a garden and field crop, thriving in well-drained, sunny sites.[1]
Grows abundantly on nitrogen-rich waste ground, hedgerows, riverbanks, woodland edges and disturbed soil; native to Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America and now found nearly worldwide.[11]
Harvesting
Bulbs are lifted in mid- to late summer once the leaves have yellowed and died back, then cured (dried) in a warm, airy place before storage; young leaves and immature flower scapes ('sprouts') can be cut earlier in the season.
Young leaves and tops are gathered in spring before flowering, when stinging is least severe and nutrient content highest, using gloves; the root is dug in autumn or spring; seed is collected when ripe in late summer. Cooking, drying or freeze-drying neutralises the sting.[11]
Traditional Uses
Garlic has one of the longest continuous medicinal histories of any plant, used across many traditional systems (Ayurvedic, Chinese, Egyptian, Greco-Roman and European folk medicine) as an antimicrobial, cardiovascular and respiratory remedy, for colds and infections, and as a digestive and immune tonic. This traditional reputation is now among the most extensively clinically studied of all herbal medicines.[1, 9]
Nettle leaf has a long tradition as a nutritive spring tonic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory remedy for joint pain and rheumatism, while the root has a well-documented traditional and modern use for the irritative urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia; the seed has a lighter tradition as a kidney tonic.[11, 12, 13]
Preparations
Dosage
The WHO monograph on Bulbus Allii Sativi gives an average daily dose of 2-5 g of fresh garlic (roughly one to two cloves), alongside 0.4-1.2 g of dried powder, 2-5 mg of oil and 300-1000 mg of extract as solid material. The EU herbal monograph gives no posology for fresh cloves, so WHO is the source here. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph gives, for adults and elderly, powdered herbal substance at a single dose of 300-750 mg for a daily dose of 900-1380 mg divided into 3 to 5 doses; liquid extract 110-220 mg four times daily; and, for the second indication, dry extract 100-200 mg 1-2 times daily (daily dose 100-400 mg). Garlic is CONTRAINDICATED in patients on saquinavir/ritonavir therapy. Not recommended under 18 years for the first indication. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
The EU herbal monograph on nettle leaf gives 2-4 g as a single dose for herbal tea, 3-6 times daily, for a daily dose equivalent to 8-12 g, in adolescents, adults and elderly; a 1:5 liquid extract at 30-40 drops 3-4 times daily and several dry extracts are also listed. Not to be used for more than 4 weeks, and not recommended under 12 years. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
Traditional and Commission E sources suggest around 600-1200 mg root extract daily for BPH-related urinary symptoms. Educational reference only, not a prescription.
References
Drug Class Interactions
Not documented
Pairings
Garlic and ginger both reduce blood clotting/platelet stickiness, so taking them together may add up and raise the risk of bruising or bleeding — use caution, especially before surgery or alongside blood-thinning drugs.[30, 31]
Garlic and ginseng both reduce blood clotting/platelet stickiness, so taking them together may add up and raise the risk of bruising or bleeding — use caution, especially before surgery or alongside blood-thinning drugs.[30]
Garlic and feverfew both reduce blood clotting/platelet stickiness, so taking them together may add up and raise the risk of bruising or bleeding — use caution, especially before surgery or alongside blood-thinning drugs.[30, 32]
Garlic and black seed (Nigella sativa) can each mildly lower blood pressure, so taking them together — especially alongside blood-pressure medicines — may add up and lower blood pressure more than expected. Monitor your blood pressure.[29, 33]
Not documented
Lookalikes Review
Dangerous Lookalikes
Not documented
References & Sources
- El-Saber Batiha, G. and Magdy Beshbishy, A. and G Wasef, L. and Elewa, Y.H.A. and A Al-Sagan, A. and Abd El-Hack, M.E. and Taha, A.E. and M Abd-Elhakim, Y. and Prasad Devkota, H (2020) 'Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review', Nutrients, 12(3), pp. 872. doi:10.3390/nu12030872 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872 - Shang, A. and Cao, S.Y. and Xu, X.Y. and Gan, R.Y. and Tang, G.Y. and Corke, H. and Mavumengwana, V. and Li, H.B (2019) 'Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)', Foods, 8(7), pp. 246. doi:10.3390/foods8070246 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070246 - Mejia Delgado, E.M. and Quiroz-Aldave, J.E. and Durand-Vasquez, M.D.C. and Aldave-Pita, L.N. and Fuentes-Mendoza, J.M. and Concepcion-Urteaga, L.A. and Paz-Ibarra, J. and Concepcion-Zavaleta, M.J (2025) 'Immunomodulatory effect of Allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus', World Journal of Experimental Medicine, 15(2), pp. 103481. doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481 - Majewski, M (2014) 'Allium sativum: facts and myths regarding human health', Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 65(1), pp. 1-8. Meta-analysis / review
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Allium%20sativum%3A%20facts%20and%20myths%20regarding%20human%20health - Mardi, P. and Kargar, R. and Fazeli, R. and Qorbani, M (2023) 'Allium sativum: A potential natural compound for NAFLD prevention and treatment', Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, pp. 1059106. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1059106 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1059106 - Sleiman, C., Daou, R.M., Al Hazzouri, A., Hamdan, Z., Ghadieh, H.E., Harbieh, B. and Romani, M (2024) 'Garlic and Hypertension: Efficacy, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Implications', Nutrients, 16(17). doi:10.3390/nu16172895 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172895 - Serrano, J.C.E., Castro-Boque, E., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Moran-Valero, M.I., Gonzalez-Hedstrom, D., Bermudez-Lopez, M. and others (2023) 'Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial', Nutrients, 15(17). doi:10.3390/nu15173691 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173691 - Choo, S., Chin, V.K., Wong, E.H., Madhavan, P., Tay, S.T., Yong, P.V.C. and Chong, P.P (2020) 'Review: antimicrobial properties of allicin used alone or in combination with other medications', Folia Microbiologica, 65(3), pp. 451--465. doi:10.1007/s12223-020-00786-5 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00786-5 - Mikaili, P., Maadirad, S., Moloudizargari, M., Aghajanshakeri, S. and Sarahroodi, S (2013) 'Therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds', 16(10), pp. 1031--1048. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3874089/ Traditional / reference
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3874089/ - Josling, P (2001) 'Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey', 18(4), pp. 189--193. doi:10.1007/BF02850113 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02850113 - World Health Organization (1999) 'Bulbus Allii Sativi'. Available at: https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 Traditional / reference
https://iris.who.int/items/6418d8af-5200-4e6b-9bf5-004f3aa62a37 - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2017) 'European Union herbal monograph on Allium sativum L., bulbus'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-allium-sativum-l-bulbus_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-allium-sativum-l-bulbus_en.pdf - National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (2021) 'Garlic'. Available at: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/garlic Traditional / reference
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/garlic - Ried, K (2016) 'Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, regulates serum cholesterol, and stimulates immunity: an updated meta-analysis and review', 146(2), pp. 389S--396S. doi:10.3945/jn.114.202192 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192 - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.) 'Allium sativum L'. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:530118-1 Traditional / reference
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:http://ipni.org:names:530118-1 - World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (2018) 'Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective (Continuous Update Project Expert Report)'. Available at: https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer Traditional / reference
https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer - Imaizumi, V.M., Laurindo, L.F., Manzan, B., Guiguer, E.L., Oshiiwa, M., Otoboni, A.M.M.B. and others (2022) 'Garlic: A systematic review of the effects on cardiovascular diseases', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(24), pp. 6797--6819. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2043821 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2043821 - Li, W.-Q. and Zhang, J.-Y. and Ma, J.-L. and Li, Z.-X. and Zhang, L. and Zhang, Y. and Guo, Y. and Zhou, T. and Li, J.-Y. and Shen, L. and Liu, W.-D. and Han, Z.-X. and Blot, W.J. and Gail, M.H. and Pan, K.-F. and You, W.-C (2019) 'Effects of Helicobacter pylori treatment and vitamin and garlic supplementation on gastric cancer incidence and mortality: follow-up of a randomized intervention trial', BMJ, 366, pp. l5016. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5016 Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5016 - Hassan, H.T (2004) 'Ajoene (natural garlic compound): a new anti-leukaemia agent for AML therapy', Leukemia Research, 28(7), pp. 667-671. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.008 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.008 - Agbana, Y.L. and Ni, Y. and Zhou, M. and Zhang, Q. and Kassegne, K. and Karou, S.D. and Kuang, Y. and Zhu, Y (2019) 'Garlic-derived bioactive compound S-allylcysteine inhibits cancer progression through diverse molecular mechanisms', Nutrition Research, 73, pp. 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.002 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.002 - Puccinelli, M.T. and Stan, S.D (2017) 'Dietary Bioactive Diallyl Trisulfide in Cancer Prevention and Treatment', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(8), pp. 1645. doi:10.3390/ijms18081645 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081645 - Borlinghaus, J. and Albrecht, F. and Gruhlke, M.C.H. and Nwachukwu, I.D. and Slusarenko, A.J (2014) 'Allicin: chemistry and biological properties', Molecules, 19(8), pp. 12591-12618. doi:10.3390/molecules190812591 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190812591 - Reiter, J., Levina, N., van der Linden, M., Gruhlke, M., Martin, C. and Slusarenko, A.J (2017) 'Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains, as a Vapor', Molecules, 22(10). doi:10.3390/molecules22101711 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101711 - Ried, K (2016) 'Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review', Journal of Nutrition, 146(2), pp. 389S--396S. doi:10.3945/jn.114.202192 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192 - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition - Piscitelli, S.C., Burstein, A.H., Welden, N., Gallicano, K.D. and Falloon, J (2002) 'The effect of garlic supplements on the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir', Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34(2), pp. 234-238. doi:10.1086/324351 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1086/324351 - Izzo, A.A. and Ernst, E (2009) 'Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review', Drugs, 69(13), pp. 1777-1798. doi:10.2165/11317010-000000000-00000 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2165/11317010-000000000-00000 - Shabani, E., Sayemiri, K. and Mohammadpour, M (2019) 'The effect of garlic on lipid profile and glucose parameters in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Primary Care Diabetes, 13(1), pp. 28-42. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.007 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.007 - Ried, K (2016) 'Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review', The Journal of Nutrition, 146(2), pp. 389S-396S. doi:10.3945/jn.114.202192 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192 - Ang-Lee, M.K., Moss, J. and Yuan, C.S (2001) 'Herbal medicines and perioperative care', JAMA, 286(2), pp. 208-216. doi:10.1001/jama.286.2.208 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.2.208 - Jiang, X., Williams, K.M., Liauw, W.S., Ammit, A.J., Roufogalis, B.D., Duke, C.C., Day, R.O. and McLachlan, A.J (2005) 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 59(4), pp. 425-432. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x Randomized trial
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02322.x - Groenewegen, W.A. and Heptinstall, S (1990) 'A comparison of the effects of an extract of feverfew and parthenolide, a component of feverfew, on human platelet activity in-vitro', Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 42(8), pp. 553-557. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07057.x Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb07057.x - Sahebkar, A., Soranna, D., Liu, X., Thomopoulos, C., Simental-Mendia, L.E., Derosa, G., Maffioli, P. and Parati, G (2016) 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of supplementation with Nigella sativa (black seed) on blood pressure', Journal of Hypertension, 34(11), pp. 2127-2135. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001049 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001049 - Galland-Decker, C. and Charmoy, A. and Jolliet, P. and Spertini, O. and Hugli, O. and Pantet, O (2015) 'Progressive organ failure after ingestion of wild garlic juice', The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50(1), pp. 55-60. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.06.034 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.06.034 - Kupper, J. and Reichert, C (2009) 'Intoxications with plants', Therapeutische Umschau, 66(5), pp. 343-8. doi:10.1024/0040-5930.66.5.343 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.66.5.343 - Gabrscek, L. and Lesnicar, G. and Krivec, B. and Voga, G. and Sibanc, B. and Blatnik, J. and Jagodic, B (2004) 'Accidental poisoning with autumn crocus', Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology, 42(1), pp. 85-8. doi:10.1081/clt-120028750 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1081/clt-120028750 - German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (2023) 'Wild garlic: beware of mix-ups'. Available at: https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/press-release/baerlauch-vorsicht-vor-verwechslungen/ Traditional / reference
https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/press-release/baerlauch-vorsicht-vor-verwechslungen/ - Trebach, J. and Calleo, V. and Akbar, S. and Langston, J. and Filigenzi, M. and Hoffman, R.S (2022) 'Detectable digoxin concentrations in 3 patients with ramps misadventure', Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 33(3), pp. 340-343. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2022.04.008 Clinical study
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2022.04.008 - Fink, S.L. and Robey, T.E. and Tarabar, A.F. and Hodsdon, M.E (2014) 'Rapid detection of convallatoxin using five digoxin immunoassays', Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 52(7), pp. 659-63. doi:10.3109/15563650.2014.932366 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2014.932366 - Wild Food UK (2020) 'Wild garlic impostors'. Available at: https://www.wildfooduk.com/articles/identifying-mushrooms-and-plants/wild-garlic-impostors/ Traditional / reference
https://www.wildfooduk.com/articles/identifying-mushrooms-and-plants/wild-garlic-impostors/
- Durovic, S., Kojic, I., Radic, D., Smyatskaya, Y.A. and others (2024) 'Chemical Constituents of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A Comprehensive Review on Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds and Their Bioactivity', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(6), pp. 3430. doi:10.3390/ijms25063430 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063430 - Semwal, P., Rauf, A., Olatunde, A., Singh, P. and others (2023) 'The medicinal chemistry of Urtica dioica L.: from preliminary evidence to clinical studies supporting its neuroprotective activity', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 13(1), pp. 16. doi:10.1007/s13659-023-00380-5 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-023-00380-5 - Esposito, S., Bianco, A., Russo, R., Di Maro, A. and others (2019) 'Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment', Molecules, 24(15), pp. 2753. doi:10.3390/molecules24152753 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152753 - Ziaei, R., Foshati, S., Hadi, A., Kermani, M.A.H. and others (2020) 'The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Phytotherapy Research, 34(2), pp. 282-294. doi:10.1002/ptr.6535 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6535 - Chrubasik, J.E., Roufogalis, B.D., Wagner, H. and Chrubasik, S (2007) 'A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix', Phytomedicine, 14(7-8), pp. 568-579. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.014 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.014 - Koch, E (2001) 'Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and roots of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tract symptoms', Planta Medica, 67(6), pp. 489-500. doi:10.1055/s-2001-16496 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16496 - Azimi, H., Khakshur, A.A., Aghdasi, I., Fallah-Tafti, M. and others (2012) 'A review of animal and human studies for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia with natural products: perspective of new pharmacological agents', Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets, 11(3), pp. 207-221. doi:10.2174/187152812800392715 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.2174/187152812800392715 - Bhusal, K.K., Magar, S.K., Thapa, R., Lamsal, A. and others (2022) 'Nutritional and pharmacological importance of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A review', Heliyon, 8(6), pp. e09717. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09717 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09717 - Dhouibi, R., Affes, H., Ben Salem, M., Hammami, S. and others (2020) 'Screening of pharmacological uses of Urtica dioica and other benefits', Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 150, pp. 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008 Meta-analysis / review
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008 - Saponaro, M., Giacomini, I., Morandin, G., Cocetta, V. and others (2020) 'Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica Fixed Combination: In-Vitro Validation of a Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(23), pp. 9178. doi:10.3390/ijms21239178 Preclinical
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239178 - Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=A%20Modern%20Herbal - Chrubasik, J.E., Roufogalis, B.D. and Chrubasik, S (2007) 'Evidence of effectiveness of herbal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain', 21(7), pp. 675--683. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Evidence%20of%20effectiveness%20of%20herbal%20anti-inflammatory%20drugs%20in%20the%20treatment%20of%20painful%20osteoarthritis%20and%20chronic%20low%20back%20pain - Schlichte, D.A. et al (2016) 'Efficacy of stinging nettle root extract for benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms', 8(1), pp. 57--62. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Efficacy%20of%20stinging%20nettle%20root%20extract%20for%20benign%20prostatic%20hyperplasia%20symptoms - European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2008) 'Community herbal monograph on Urtica dioica L.; Urtica urens L., folium'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-urtica-dioica-l-urtica-urens-l-folium_en.pdf Traditional / reference
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-community-herbal-monograph-urtica-dioica-l-urtica-urens-l-folium_en.pdf - Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Handbook%20of%20Medicinal%20Herbs%2C%20Second%20Edition
Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.