Plant Comparison

Agrimony vs Chia

A side-by-side comparison of two medicinal plants — every documented constituent, action, use, safety note and cited source, assembled automatically from the Omnia Sana database.

First plant
Second plant
Show:
Plant AAgrimonyAgrimonia eupatoriaRosaceaeFull monograph →
Plant BChiaSalvia hispanicaLamiaceaeFull monograph →

At a glance

Agrimony and Chia: they share 5 indicated uses (arthritis / joint pain, bloating, indigestion, …); 3 pharmacological actions in common.

AgrimonyChia
Constituents44
Pharmacological actions83
Indicated uses117
Safety notes32
Cited sources1914
Indicated uses
Only Agrimony
Loss of appetiteBruisingCancer (anticancer research)DiarrhoeaSore throatWounds
Shared (5)
Arthritis / joint painBloatingIndigestionInflammation (general)Skin irritation
Only Chia
Cardiovascular / heart healthMetabolic support
Pharmacological actions
Only Agrimony
Anticancer (preclinical)AntidiarrhoealAstringentBitter digestive tonic / stomachicVulnerary (wound healing)
Shared (3)
Anti-inflammatoryAntioxidantDigestive aid
Only Chia
none

Evidence face-off — shared uses

ConditionAgrimonyChiaVerdict
Arthritis / joint pain2/105/10Stronger for Chia
Bloating2/105/10Stronger for Chia
Indigestion2/105/10Stronger for Chia
Inflammation (general)2/105/10Stronger for Chia
Skin irritation1/105/10Stronger for Chia

Evidence scores (1–10) are computed from the tier of each cited source. “Comparable” means the two scores are within one point. Follow a score to its detailed sources.

Key Constituents

Tannins (condensed and hydrolysable, including agrimoniin)[6, 9, 13, 14]

Responsible for the characteristic astringency.

Tannins
Flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin, quercetin and their glycosides)[9, 14, 15]

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents.

FlavonoidsGlycosidesQuercetinApigeninLuteolin
Phenolic acids[10, 14]

Contribute to antioxidant activity.

Phenolic acids
Triterpenes, volatile oil and silica[14, 15]

Minor constituents of the herb.

Essential (volatile) oilTerpenes / terpenoidsSilica
Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid)[1]

The dominant fatty acid of chia oil, one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 known.

Mucilage polysaccharides (seed coat)[2]

Responsible for the seed's characteristic gel-forming property when soaked.

MucilagePolysaccharides
Phenolic antioxidants (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol)[1]

Contribute to the seed's antioxidant activity.

Chlorogenic acidCaffeic acidQuercetinKaempferol
Protein and dietary fibre[2]

Chia is a complete plant protein source and exceptionally high in dietary fibre.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16]

Anti-inflammatory gargle (mild inflammation of the mouth and throat / sore throat)

Anticancer (preclinical)[17]

Agrimonia eupatoria ethanolic extract is cytotoxic to breast, colon, lung and cervical cancer cells and inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (preclinical/in silico).

Antidiarrhoeal[13, 14, 15]

Astringent (relief of mild diarrhoea)

Antioxidant[1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18]
Astringent[13, 14, 15]

Astringent (relief of mild diarrhoea)

Bitter digestive tonic / stomachic[14, 15, 18]

Mild bitter digestive tonic (indigestion)

Digestive aid[14, 15, 18]

Mild bitter digestive tonic (indigestion)

Vulnerary (wound healing)[2, 13, 14, 19]

Vulnerary (minor skin inflammation and small superficial wounds, topical)

Anti-inflammatory[2, 9, 10, 11, 12]
Antioxidant[1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12]
Digestive aid[11, 12]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Loss of appetite[14, 15, 18]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from bitter-tonic action

Evidence: 2
Label: Loss of appetite
Arthritis / joint pain[1, 2, 13, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 2
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[14, 15, 18]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 2
Label: Bloating
Bruising[2, 13, 14, 19]Traditional · 2/10

inferred from vulnerary action

Evidence: 2
Label: Bruising
Cancer (anticancer research)[17]Traditional · 2/10

Agrimonia eupatoria ethanolic extract shows dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (breast), HT-29 (colon), A549 (lung) and HeLa (cervical) cancer cells and inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/COX-2/MMP-2 axis (preclinical).

Evidence: 2
Label: Cancer (anticancer research)
Diarrhoea[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

Astringent (relief of mild diarrhoea)

Evidence: 1
Label: Diarrhoea
Indigestion[14, 15, 18]Traditional · 2/10

Mild bitter digestive tonic (indigestion)

Evidence: 2
Label: Indigestion
Inflammation (general)[1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle (mild inflammation of the mouth and throat / sore throat); Vulnerary (minor skin inflammation and small superficial wounds, topical)

Evidence: 2
Label: Inflammation (general)
Skin irritation[13, 14, 15]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from astringent action

Evidence: 1
Label: Skin irritation
Sore throat[1, 2, 13, 15, 16]Traditional · 2/10

Anti-inflammatory gargle (mild inflammation of the mouth and throat / sore throat)

Evidence: 2
Label: Sore throat
Wounds[2, 13, 14, 19]Traditional · 2/10

Vulnerary (minor skin inflammation and small superficial wounds, topical)

Evidence: 2
Label: Wounds
Arthritis / joint pain[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Arthritis / joint pain
Bloating[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5
Label: Bloating
Cardiovascular / heart health[3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13]Strong · 10/10
Evidence: 10
Label: Cardiovascular / heart health
Indigestion[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from digestive action

Evidence: 5
Label: Indigestion
Inflammation (general)[9, 11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Inflammation (general)
Metabolic support[11, 12, 13]Moderate · 6/10
Evidence: 6
Label: Metabolic support
Skin irritation[11, 12]Moderate · 5/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

Evidence: 5
Label: Skin irritation

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[13]Info

Traditional-use indication only: if diarrhoea persists longer than 3-4 days, or symptoms of mouth/throat inflammation persist beyond about a week, a doctor should be consulted.

Safety note[13]Caution

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended, as safety has not been established.

Safety note[13, 15]Info

Tannin-rich; very high or prolonged intake may cause gastrointestinal upset or constipation and can reduce the absorption of iron and some medicines taken at the same time.

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Info

Never swallow a spoon of dry chia seeds and “chase” with water. They can swell fast and (rarely) cause a blockage, especially if someone already has swallowing problems (American College of Gastroenterology, 2014) Blood pressure / diabetes meds: if you’re on medication for blood pressure or blood sugar, chia as a major daily addition may slightly add to the effect for some people—monitor and talk to your clinician (Saadh et al., 2024) (Pam et al., 2024).

Safety note[11, 12, 13, 14]Info

Duke (2002) does not include a dedicated entry for Chia (Salvia hispanica) in the Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition.

External Ids

Gbif: 3001956
Wikidata: Q156865
Gbif: 2926992
Wikidata: Q1071585

Botanical Description

Slender, downy perennial herb with a basal rosette of pinnately compound leaves and a single, unbranched, upright flowering stem. The leaflets are toothed, alternating large and small, and silvery-downy beneath. Small, five-petalled, bright yellow flowers are borne closely along a slender terminal spike (raceme), opening a few at a time from the base upwards, giving the old name 'church steeples'. After flowering, small bristly, hooked burrs form that cling to clothing and animal fur for dispersal.[13, 14]

Height: 30-100 cm
Habit: Erect, downy perennial herb
Leaves: Pinnately compound, toothed leaflets of alternating large and small size, silvery-downy beneath
Flowers: Small, five-petalled, bright yellow flowers crowded on a slender terminal spike
Stem: Single, unbranched, upright, downy flowering stem
Root: Woody rootstock
Fruit: Small bristly, hooked burr that clings to clothing and fur
Flowering Period: June-September

Annual herb (Lamiaceae), 1-1.5 m tall, with square stems. Leaves are opposite, ovate to oblong with a toothed margin. Small purple to white, two-lipped flowers are borne in dense terminal spikes, followed by small oval seeds (grey-brown, mottled, or occasionally white) - the part used.[1]

Height: 1-1.5 m
Habit: Erect annual herb
Leaves: Opposite, ovate to oblong, toothed
Flowers: Small, purple to white, two-lipped, in dense terminal spikes
Stem: Square, erect
Root: Fibrous annual root system
Fruit: Small oval seeds, grey-brown and mottled (or occasionally white)
Flowering Period: Variable, typically late summer in its native range

Habitat

Grows in dry grassland, hedgerows, field margins, roadsides and open woodland edges on well-drained, often calcareous soils; native and common throughout Europe, temperate Asia and North Africa.[13, 14]

Native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala, historically a staple crop of Aztec and Mayan agriculture; now cultivated commercially in warm subtropical and tropical regions worldwide (notably South America and Australia) as a food crop.[1]

Harvesting

The flowering aerial parts are cut in summer, at the start of flowering, and dried promptly in a warm, airy, shaded place.[13]

Parts: Aerial parts (flowering herb)
Season: Summer, at the start of flowering

Seed heads are harvested once dry, typically in autumn, and threshed to release the small seeds.[1]

Parts: Seed
Season: Autumn, once seed heads have dried

Traditional Uses

Agrimony has a long folk history as an astringent remedy for mild diarrhoea, as a gargle for sore throats and mild mouth/throat inflammation, and as a mild bitter digestive tonic; it has also been applied topically to minor wounds and skin inflammation. It is officially recognised in the European Union herbal monograph for traditional use in mild diarrhoea and mild inflammation of the mouth or throat.[13, 14]

Chia seed has an ancient Mesoamerican food-medicine tradition as an energy-sustaining staple food for Aztec warriors and runners. Its modern popularity centres on its dense nutrient profile - fibre, omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) fatty acids, protein and antioxidants - studied for metabolic, cardiovascular and digestive support.[1]

Preparations

Infusion[13]

Dried flowering herb infused in hot water, taken internally for mild diarrhoea and digestive complaints or used as a gargle/mouthwash for sore throat.

Poultice/compress[13]

Crushed or infused herb applied externally to minor wounds and skin inflammation.

Whole or ground seed (culinary)[1]

Eaten whole, ground, or soaked to form a gel (due to the seed's high mucilage content), stirred into food or drinks.

Dosage

Infusion[13]

The EU herbal monograph gives 1.5-4 g of the comminuted herb in 250 mL (or less) of boiling water as an infusion, 2-3 times daily, in adolescents, adults and elderly. As a gargle for mild oral or throat inflammation, 1.5 g in 150 mL of boiling water 2-4 times daily, or a decoction of 3-4.5 g in 250 mL 2-3 times daily. Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Tincture[13]

The EU herbal monograph gives 1-4 mL three times daily (orally, or as a gargle for oral and throat use). Educational reference only, not a prescription.

Whole/ground seed[1, 2]

Typical dietary and study amounts range from about 15-25 g (roughly 1-2 tablespoons) of seed daily, usually soaked or ground for better digestibility. Educational reference only, not a prescription; always take with adequate liquid, never dry-swallowed.

References

REF-0681, REF-0683, REF-2328, REF-2329, REF-2330, REF-2331, REF-2332, REF-2333, REF-2334, REF-2335, REF-2336, REF-2337
REF-1263, REF-1264, REF-1265, REF-1266, REF-1267, REF-1268, REF-1269, REF-1270, REF-1271, REF-1272

Lookalikes Review

Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07
Outcome: none-known
Reviewed By: Omnia Sana (owner-authorized)
Reviewed Date: 2026-07-07

References & Sources

  1. Malheiros, J., Simoes, D.M., Figueirinha, A., Cotrim, M.D. and Fonseca, D.A (2022) 'Agrimonia eupatoria L.: An integrative perspective on ethnomedicinal use, phenolic composition and pharmacological activity', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, pp. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115498 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115498
  2. Paluch, Z., Biriczova, L., Pallag, G., Carvalheiro Marques, E., Vargova, N. and Kmonickova, E (2020) 'The therapeutic effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L', Physiological Research, pp. S555--S571. doi:10.33549/physiolres.934641 Preclinical
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  3. Kuczmannova, A., Balazova, A., Racanska, E., Kamenikova, M., Fialova, S., Majernik, J., Nagy, M., Gal, P. and Mucaji, P (2016) 'Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Cynara cardunculus L. water infusions: comparison of anti-diabetic activities', Molecules, 21(5), pp. 564. doi:10.3390/molecules21050564 Preclinical
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  4. Huzio, N., Grytsyk, A., Raal, A., Grytsyk, L. and Koshovyi, O (2022) 'Phytochemical and pharmacological research in Agrimonia eupatoria L. herb extract with anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties', Plants, 11(18), pp. 2371. doi:10.3390/plants11182371 Preclinical
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  6. Granica, S., Kluge, H., Horn, G., Matkowski, A. and Kiss, A.K (2015) 'The phytochemical investigation of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Agrimonia procera Wallr. as valid sources of Agrimoniae herba - the pharmacopoeial plant material', Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 114, pp. 272-279. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.027 Preclinical
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  8. Kwon, D.H., Kwon, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Chang, E.J., Kim, M.B., Yoon, S.K., Song, E.Y., Yoon, D.Y., Lee, Y.H., Choi, I.S. and Choi, Y.K (2005) 'Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by an aqueous extract of Agrimonia eupatoria L', Phytotherapy Research, 19(4), pp. 355-358. doi:10.1002/ptr.1689 Preclinical
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  9. Karlinska, E., Romanowska, B. and Kosmala, M (2021) 'The aerial parts of Agrimonia procera Wallr. and Agrimonia eupatoria L. as a source of polyphenols, and especially agrimoniin and flavonoids', Molecules, 26(24), pp. 7706. doi:10.3390/molecules26247706 Preclinical
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  10. Kuczmannova, A., Gal, P., Varinska, L., Treml, J., Kovac, I., Novotny, M., Vasilenko, T., Dall'Acqua, S., Nagy, M. and Mucaji, P (2015) 'Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Cynara cardunculus L. water infusions: phenolic profile and comparison of antioxidant activities', Molecules, 20(11), pp. 20538-20550. doi:10.3390/molecules201119715 Preclinical
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  11. Ivanova, D., Vankova, D. and Nashar, M (2013) 'Agrimonia eupatoria tea consumption in relation to markers of inflammation, oxidative status and lipid metabolism in healthy subjects', Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 119(1), pp. 32-37. doi:10.3109/13813455.2012.729844 Clinical study
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  12. Venskutonis, P.R., Skemaite, M. and Ragazinskiene, O (2007) 'Radical scavenging capacity of Agrimonia eupatoria and Agrimonia procera', Fitoterapia, 78(2), pp. 166-168. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.10.002 Preclinical
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  13. European Medicines Agency (HMPC) (2015) 'European Union herbal monograph on Agrimonia eupatoria L., herba (Agrimoniae herba)'. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/agrimoniae-herba Traditional / reference
    https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/agrimoniae-herba
  14. (2022) 'Agrimonia eupatoria L.: An integrative perspective on ethnomedicinal use, phenolic composition and pharmacological activity', Journal of Ethnopharmacology. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115498 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115498
  15. Herbal Reality (n.d.) 'Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria): Benefits, Uses, Safety'. Available at: https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/agrimony/ Traditional / reference
    https://www.herbalreality.com/herb/agrimony/
  16. Lee, K.H. and Rhee, K.H (2016) 'Anti-nociceptive effect of Agrimonia eupatoria extract on a cisplatin-induced neuropathic model', African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 13(5), pp. 139--144. doi:10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.18 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.18
  17. Ginovyan, M. and Gevorgyan, S. and Javrushyan, H. and Kusznierewicz, B. and Koss-Mikolajczyk, I. and Sahakyan, N. and Bartoszek, A. and Avtandilyan, N (2026) 'Inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway in cancer cells by Agrimonia eupatoria L. ethanolic extract: identification of tricoumaroyl spermidine as a potential PI3K inhibitor', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 26(1), pp. 41. doi:10.1186/s12906-025-05231-z Preclinical
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  18. Shareef, S.H., Asaad, N.K., Gheni, N.A., Fisal, D.N., Shakir Agha, N.F., Ali, R.T. and Abdulla, M.A (2025) 'Agrimonia eupatoria leaf extract attenuates alcohol-induced oxidative stress, ulcer and alleviates stomach damage in rats', Food Science and Nutrition, 13(11). doi:10.1002/fsn3.71203 Preclinical
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  1. Khalid, W., Arshad, M.S., Aziz, A., Rahim, M.A. and others (2023) 'Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders', Food Science & Nutrition, 11(1), pp. 3-16. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3035 Meta-analysis / review
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  2. Enes, B.N., Moreira, L.P.D., Silva, B.P., Grancieri, M. and others (2020) 'Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) effects and their molecular mechanisms on unbalanced diet experimental studies: A systematic review', Journal of Food Science, 85(2), pp. 226-239. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.15003 Meta-analysis / review
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  3. Silva, L.A., Verneque, B.J.F., Mota, A.P.L. and Duarte, C.K (2021) 'Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) consumption and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Food & Function, 12(19), pp. 8835-8849. doi:10.1039/d1fo01287h Meta-analysis / review
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  4. Valdivia-Lopez, M.A. and Tecante, A (2015) 'Chia (Salvia hispanica): A Review of Native Mexican Seed and its Nutritional and Functional Properties', Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 75, pp. 53-75. doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.06.002 Meta-analysis / review
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  5. Teoh, S.L., Lai, N.M., Vanichkulpitak, P., Vuksan, V. and others (2018) 'Clinical evidence on dietary supplementation with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.): a systematic review and meta-analysis', Nutrition Reviews, 76(4), pp. 219-242. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux071 Meta-analysis / review
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  6. de Souza Ferreira, C., de Sousa Fomes, L.F., da Silva, G.E. and Rosa, G (2015) 'Effect of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) consumption on cardiovascular risk factors in humans: a systematic review', Nutricion Hospitalaria, 32(5), pp. 1909-1918. doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9394 Meta-analysis / review
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  7. Knez Hrncic, M., Ivanovski, M., Cor, D. and Knez, Z (2019) 'Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): An Overview-Phytochemical Profile, Isolation Methods, and Application', Molecules, 25(1), pp. 11. doi:10.3390/molecules25010011 Meta-analysis / review
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  8. Oliva, M.E., Ferreira, M.D.R., Vega Joubert, M.B. and D'Alessandro, M.E (2020) 'Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed promotes body fat depletion and modulates adipocyte lipid handling in sucrose-rich diet-fed rats', Food Research International, 139, pp. 109842. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109842 Preclinical
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  9. Vega Joubert, M.B., Degrave, V., Ingaramo, P., Oliva, M.E. and others (2022) 'Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed improves liver inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome', Food & Function, 13(21), pp. 11249-11261. doi:10.1039/d2fo02216h Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fo02216h
  10. Grancieri, M., Martino, H.S.D. and Gonzalez de Mejia, E (2019) 'Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review', Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 18(2), pp. 480-499. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12423 Meta-analysis / review
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  11. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
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  12. Vuksan, V., Jenkins, A.L., Dias, A.G., Lee, A.S., Jovanovski, E., Rogovik, A.L. and Hanna, A (2010) 'Reduction in postprandial glucose excursion and prolongation of satiety: possible explanation of the long-term effects of whole grain Salba (Salvia hispanica L.)', 64(4), pp. 436--438. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.159 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2009.159
  13. Chandalia, M., Garg, A., Lutjohann, D., von Bergmann, K., Grundy, S.M. and Brinkley, L.J (2000) 'Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus', 342(19), pp. 1392--1398. doi:10.1056/nejm200005113421903 Randomized trial
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  14. Duke, J.A (2002) 'Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition'. Traditional / reference
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Generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and its cited sources. For educational purposes only — not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.