← All plants

Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Stinging Nettle

Urtica dioica

Family UrticaceaeParts used Leaf, Root, SeedAlso known as common nettle

This monograph compiles 5 pharmacological actions, 9 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 13 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Pharmacological Actions

Anti-inflammatory[2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Anti-rheumatic / anti-arthritic[5, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Antioxidant[1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Diuretic[8, 9, 11, 12, 13]
Immunomodulator / immune support[11, 12, 13]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Back pain[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-rheumatic action

more plants for back pain →detailed sources →
Cold & flu[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from immunomodulator action

more plants for cold & flu →detailed sources →
Immune support[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10
more plants for immune support →detailed sources →
Inflammation (general)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for inflammation (general) →detailed sources →
Skin irritation[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from anti-inflammatory action

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →
Swelling / fluid retention[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

more plants for swelling / fluid retention →detailed sources →
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[11, 12, 13]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

more plants for urinary tract infection (uti) →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Caution

Fresh plant causes stinging skin reaction (formic acid, histamine). Once cooked, dried, or freeze-dried, this is eliminated. Root tincture may interact with diuretics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetic drugs. Generally very safe in culinary and standard medicinal use. Avoid very high doses in pregnancy.

Safety note[11, 12, 13]Info

Duke (2002) rates stinging nettle as +++ and provides clinical evidence (score 2) for antiprostatitic activity (BPH — benign prostatic hyperplasia), consistent with Commission E approval for irritative urination symptoms associated with BPH. Dose: 4–6 g dried herb daily or 600–1200 mg root extract. The root preparations are used for BPH while leaf preparations are used for antiallergic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Duke also notes experimental antiarthritic and analgesic activity. Generally safe; the most common adverse effect is mild gastrointestinal upset (Duke, 2002).

References

REF-1328, REF-1329, REF-1330, REF-1331, REF-1332, REF-1333, REF-1334, REF-1335, REF-1336, REF-1337

References & Sources

  1. Durovic, S., Kojic, I., Radic, D., Smyatskaya, Y.A. and others (2024) 'Chemical Constituents of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A Comprehensive Review on Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds and Their Bioactivity', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(6), pp. 3430. doi:10.3390/ijms25063430 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063430
  2. Semwal, P., Rauf, A., Olatunde, A., Singh, P. and others (2023) 'The medicinal chemistry of Urtica dioica L.: from preliminary evidence to clinical studies supporting its neuroprotective activity', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 13(1), pp. 16. doi:10.1007/s13659-023-00380-5 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-023-00380-5
  3. Esposito, S., Bianco, A., Russo, R., Di Maro, A. and others (2019) 'Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment', Molecules, 24(15), pp. 2753. doi:10.3390/molecules24152753 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152753
  4. Ziaei, R., Foshati, S., Hadi, A., Kermani, M.A.H. and others (2020) 'The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Phytotherapy Research, 34(2), pp. 282-294. doi:10.1002/ptr.6535 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6535
  5. Chrubasik, J.E., Roufogalis, B.D., Wagner, H. and Chrubasik, S (2007) 'A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix', Phytomedicine, 14(7-8), pp. 568-579. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.014 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.014
  6. Koch, E (2001) 'Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto (Sabal serrulata) and roots of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tract symptoms', Planta Medica, 67(6), pp. 489-500. doi:10.1055/s-2001-16496 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16496
  7. Azimi, H., Khakshur, A.A., Aghdasi, I., Fallah-Tafti, M. and others (2012) 'A review of animal and human studies for management of benign prostatic hyperplasia with natural products: perspective of new pharmacological agents', Inflammation & Allergy Drug Targets, 11(3), pp. 207-221. doi:10.2174/187152812800392715 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.2174/187152812800392715
  8. Bhusal, K.K., Magar, S.K., Thapa, R., Lamsal, A. and others (2022) 'Nutritional and pharmacological importance of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.): A review', Heliyon, 8(6), pp. e09717. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09717 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09717
  9. Dhouibi, R., Affes, H., Ben Salem, M., Hammami, S. and others (2020) 'Screening of pharmacological uses of Urtica dioica and other benefits', Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 150, pp. 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008 Meta-analysis / review
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.008
  10. Saponaro, M., Giacomini, I., Morandin, G., Cocetta, V. and others (2020) 'Serenoa repens and Urtica dioica Fixed Combination: In-Vitro Validation of a Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(23), pp. 9178. doi:10.3390/ijms21239178 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239178
  11. Chrubasik, J.E., Roufogalis, B.D. and Chrubasik, S (2007) 'Evidence of effectiveness of herbal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain', 21(7), pp. 675--683. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  12. Grieve, M (1931) 'A Modern Herbal'. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  13. Schlichte, D.A. et al (2016) 'Efficacy of stinging nettle root extract for benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms', 8(1), pp. 57--62. Traditional / reference
    Find this source

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: book+pubmed · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

omniasana.bio · Single-Plant Monograph

Generated June 22, 2026 from omniasana.bio