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Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Skullcap

Scutellaria lateriflora

Family LamiaceaeParts used Aerial parts (flowering herb)Also known as American skullcap, Blue skullcap, Mad-dog skullcap

This monograph compiles 2 documented constituents, 2 pharmacological actions, 4 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 13 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Key Constituents

Flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein)[4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12]

Bind the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor, underlying the calming effect; baicalin is used as the HPLC quality marker, and its content varies widely between commercial tinctures.

Flavonoids
GABA and glutamine (amino acids)[11]

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and contributes to the anxiolytic activity.

Pharmacological Actions

Anxiolytic / calming[2, 8, 11, 13]

Anxiolytic for anxiety and nervous tension (the flavonoids baicalin and baicalein bind the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor); a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy volunteers found significantly improved overall mood without loss of energy or cognition; Calming nervine for stress and nervous disorders (traditional)

Sedative / sleep support[1, 11]

Sedative / sleep support (insomnia)

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Anxiety[2, 11, 13]Moderate · 6/10

Anxiolytic for anxiety and nervous tension (the flavonoids baicalin and baicalein bind the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor); a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy volunteers found significantly improved overall mood without loss of energy or cognition

more plants for anxiety →detailed sources →
Insomnia / sleeplessness[1, 11]Moderate · 5/10

Sedative / sleep support (insomnia)

more plants for insomnia / sleeplessness →detailed sources →
Nervous tension[11, 13]Moderate · 5/10

Anxiolytic for anxiety and nervous tension (the flavonoids baicalin and baicalein bind the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor); a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy volunteers found significantly improved overall mood without loss of energy or cognition

more plants for nervous tension →detailed sources →
Stress[11, 13]Moderate · 5/10

Calming nervine for stress and nervous disorders (traditional)

more plants for stress →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[11]Info

Generally well tolerated; its sedative effect can add to that of alcohol, sedatives and sleep medicines, and it may inhibit some drug-metabolising (CYP) enzymes.

Safety note[11, 12]Serious

Buy from a reputable source: skullcap products have historically been adulterated with hepatotoxic germander (Teucrium), and the flavonoid content of commercial tinctures varies widely. Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not established.

References

REF-1562, REF-1563, REF-1564, REF-1565, REF-1566, REF-1567, REF-1568, REF-1569, REF-1570, REF-1571

References & Sources

  1. Di Minno, A., Morone, M.V., Buccato, D.G., De Lellis, L.F. and others (2025) 'Efficacy and Tolerability of a Chemically Characterized Scutellaria lateriflora L. Extract-Based Food Supplement for Sleep Management: A Single-Center, Controlled, Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind Clinical Trial', Nutrients, 17(9), pp. 1491. doi:10.3390/nu17091491 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091491
  2. Wolfson, P. and Hoffmann, D.L (2003) 'An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers', Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), pp. 74-78. Randomized trial
    Find this source
  3. Di Minno, A., Ullah, H., De Lellis, L.F., Buccato, D.G. and others (2024) 'Efficacy and Tolerability of a Cistus x incanus L. and Scutellaria lateriflora L.-Based Chewing Gum on the Symptoms of Gingivitis: A Monocentric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial', Nutrients, 16(6), pp. 862. doi:10.3390/nu16060862 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060862
  4. Wilczanska, A., Sparzak-Stefanowska, B., Kokotkiewicz, A., Jesionek, A. and others (2023) 'Biotechnological strategies for controlled accumulation of flavones in hairy root culture of Scutellaria lateriflora L', Scientific Reports, 13(1), pp. 20422. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47757-7 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47757-7
  5. Cole, I.B., Cao, J., Alan, A.R., Saxena, P.K. and Murch, S.J (2008) 'Comparisons of Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria lateriflora and Scutellaria racemosa: genome size, antioxidant potential and phytochemistry', Planta Medica, 74(4), pp. 474-481. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034358 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1034358
  6. Li, J., Ding, Y., Li, X.C., Ferreira, D. and others (2009) 'Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora', Journal of Natural Products, 72(6), pp. 983-987. doi:10.1021/np900068t Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1021/np900068t
  7. Tuan, P.A., Kim, Y.S., Kim, Y., Thwe, A.A. and others (2016) 'Molecular characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and accumulation of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin in plant and hairy root of Scutellaria lateriflora', Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(8), pp. 1639-1647. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.011 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.011
  8. Gafner, S., Bergeron, C., Batcha, L.L., Reich, J. and others (2003) 'Inhibition of [3H]-LSD binding to 5-HT7 receptors by flavonoids from Scutellaria lateriflora', Journal of Natural Products, 66(4), pp. 535-537. doi:10.1021/np0205102 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1021/np0205102
  9. Gafner, S., Bergeron, C., Batcha, L.L., Angerhofer, C.K. and others (2003) 'Analysis of Scutellaria lateriflora and its adulterants Teucrium canadense and Teucrium chamaedrys by LC-UV/MS, TLC, and digital photomicroscopy', Journal of AOAC International, 86(3), pp. 453-460. Preclinical
    Find this source
  10. Sun, J. and Chen, P (2011) 'A flow-injection mass spectrometry fingerprinting method for authentication and quality assessment of Scutellaria lateriflora-based dietary supplements', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 401(5), pp. 1577-1584. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5246-2 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5246-2
  11. Awad, R., Arnason, J.T., Trudeau, V., Bergeron, C., Budzinski, J.W., Foster, B.C. and Merali, Z (2003) 'Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties', Phytomedicine. doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00374 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00374
  12. Gao, J. and Sanchez-Medina, A. and Pendry, B.A. and Hughes, M.J. and Webb, G.P. and Corcoran, O (2008) 'Validation of a HPLC method for flavonoid biomarkers in skullcap (Scutellaria) and its use to illustrate wide variability in the quality of commercial tinctures', Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), pp. 77--87. doi:10.18433/j39g6v Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.18433/j39g6v
  13. Brock, C. and Whitehouse, J. and Tewfik, I. and Towell, T (2014) 'American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its effects on mood in healthy volunteers', Phytotherapy Research, 28(5), pp. 692--698. doi:10.1002/ptr.5044 Randomized trial
    https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5044

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: website+pubmed+symptom-tool · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

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