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Omnia Sana · Plant Monograph

Cleavers

Galium aparine

Family RubiaceaeParts used Leaf, Seed, StemAlso known as clivers, goose grass/goosegrass, stickyweed, stickywilly, catchweed bedstraw

This monograph compiles 5 pharmacological actions, 8 traditional / indicated uses, supported by 14 cited sources, drawn directly from the Omnia Sana plant database.

Pharmacological Actions

Antimicrobial[6, 12, 13, 14]
Antioxidant[6, 9, 12, 13, 14]
Diuretic[12, 13, 14]
Emollient / skin-soothing[12, 13, 14]
Vulnerary (wound healing)[6, 11, 12, 13, 14]

Traditional & Indicated Uses

Bruising[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from vulnerary action

more plants for bruising →detailed sources →
Eczema[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from emollient action

more plants for eczema →detailed sources →
Infection (general)[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for infection (general) →detailed sources →
Skin irritation[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from emollient action

more plants for skin irritation →detailed sources →
Swelling / fluid retention[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

more plants for swelling / fluid retention →detailed sources →
Urinary support[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

more plants for urinary support →detailed sources →
Urinary tract infection (UTI)[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from diuretic action

more plants for urinary tract infection (uti) →detailed sources →
Wounds[12, 13, 14]Traditional · 1/10

inferred from antimicrobial action

more plants for wounds →detailed sources →

Safety, Cautions & Contraindications

Safety note[12, 13, 14]Caution

Duke (2002) describes cleavers as a diuretic, lymph tonic, and depurative with experimental support (score 1). The plant has been used in traditional medicine for swollen lymph nodes, urinary complaints, and skin conditions. Diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities are supported experimentally. No Commission E approval. Safety rating is ++ (relatively safe), with no known significant contraindications at usual herbal doses (Duke, 2002).

References

REF-0818, REF-0819, REF-0820, REF-1718, REF-1719, REF-1720, REF-1721, REF-1722, REF-1723, REF-1724, REF-1725

References & Sources

  1. Laanet, P.R., Saar-Reismaa, P., Jõul, P., Bragina, O. and Vaher, M (2023) 'Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Estonian Galium Species', Molecules, 28(6), pp. 2867. doi:10.3390/molecules28062867 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062867
  2. Antoniak, K., Studzińska-Sroka, E., Szymański, M., Dudek-Makuch, M. et al (2023) 'Antiangiogenic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Bidens tripartita Herb, Galium verum Herb and Rumex hydrolapathum Root', Molecules, 28(13), pp. 4966. doi:10.3390/molecules28134966 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134966
  3. Razzivina, V., Vasiljeva, A., Kronberga, A., Skudrins, G. et al (2024) 'Phenolic Content and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cultivated and Wild-Type Galium odoratum Extracts in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages', Antioxidants (Basel), 13(12), pp. 1447. doi:10.3390/antiox13121447 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121447
  4. Sahin, B., Karabulut, S., Filiz, A.K., Ozkaraca, M., Gezer, A. and Akpulat, H.A (2022) 'Galium aparine L. protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats', Chemico-Biological Interactions, 366, pp. 110119. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110119 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110119
  5. Lee, S.Y., Park, S.Y. and Park, H.J (2024) 'Immuno-Enhancing Effects of Galium aparine L. in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Animal Models', Nutrients, 16(5), pp. 597. doi:10.3390/nu16050597 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050597
  6. Beirami, A.D., Akhtari, N., Noroozi, R., Hatamabadi, D., Hasan, S.M.F. and Ayatollahi, S.A (2024) 'Bringing back Galium aparine L. from forgotten corners of traditional wound treatment procedures: an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and in-vitro wound healing assay along with HPTLC fingerprinting study', BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), pp. 279. doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04355-y Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04355-y
  7. Ilina, T., Kashpur, N., Granica, S., Bazylko, A., Shinkovenko, I. and Kovalyova, A (2019) 'Phytochemical Profiles and In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Galium aparine L', Plants, 8(12), pp. 541. doi:10.3390/plants8120541 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8120541
  8. Atmaca, H., Bozkurt, E., Cittan, M. and Dilek Tepe, H (2016) 'Effects of Galium aparine extract on the cell viability, cell cycle and cell death in breast cancer cell lines', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 186, pp. 305-310. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.007 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.007
  9. Bokhari, J., Khan, M.R., Shabbir, M., Rashid, U., Jan, S. and Zai, J.A (2012) 'Evaluation of diverse antioxidant activities of Galium aparine', Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 102, pp. 24-29. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.056 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.056
  10. Shi, G., Liu, J., Zhao, W., Liu, Y. and Tian, X (2016) 'Separation and purification and in vitro anti-proliferative activity of leukemia cell K562 of Galium aparine L. petroleum ether phase', Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24(3), pp. 241-247. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.005 Preclinical
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.005
  11. Quinlan, F.J (1883) 'Galium Aparine as a Remedy for Chronic Ulcers', British Medical Journal, 1(1172), pp. 1173-1174. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1172.1173 Traditional / reference
    https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.1172.1173
  12. British Herbal Medicine Association (1983) 'British Herbal Pharmacopoeia'. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  13. Hoffmann, D (2003) 'Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine'. Traditional / reference
    Find this source
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (n.d.). Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org Traditional / reference
    https://powo.science.kew.org

Record last updated 2026-06-20 · Provenance: book+pubmed · Status: verified

This fact sheet is generated automatically from the Omnia Sana plant database and reflects its latest synced data. It is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified practitioner before using medicinal plants.

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